The Autotrophic Pathway of Acetate Synthesis in Acetogenic Bacteria

Bio-produced Acetic Acid: A Review

“…It was discovered that hexose can be converted into three molecules of acetic acid by acetogenic bacteria (acetogens) under anaerobic conditions [17]. Acetogenic bacteria are not identical with AAB.…”

“…The pathway recycles the electron carriers by reducing two CO 2 molecules to glycine, which is then converted to acetate and secreted from the cell. The glycine cleavage system, the core of the glycine synthase pathway, is a multi-protein complex that occurs throughout the tree of life and catalyses the reversible synthesis of glycine [17,25].…”

“…The methylene derivative is reductively carboxylated and aminated to form glycine which is subsequently reduced to acetate, releasing ammonia. This latter step also releases one ATP in a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction, thus recovering the ATP invested before [17,25].…”

A review of conversion processes for bioethanol production with a focus on syngas fermentation

“…Acetogens metabolize single carbon source compounds via the acetyl-CoA pathway, also called the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway to (i) synthesize acetyl moiety of acetyl-CoA from CO2, (ii) conserve energy, (iii) assimilate CO2 to cell carbon (Ljungdhal, 1986;Wood et al, 1986). Acetyl-CoA is a major metabolic intermediate in acetogens and can be utilized to produce ethanol, butanol, hexanol, acetate, butyrate, hexanoate, and cell mass (Phillips et al, 2015).…”

“…The reducing power donated by H2 or CO are carried by electron carrier pairs NADH/NAD + , NADPH/NADP + or ferredoxin (Ljungdhal, 1986) as shown in Eq. 7 through Eq.…”