The Automatic Evaluation Effect: Unconditional Automatic Attitude Activation with a Pronunciation Task

Bargh, John A.; Chaiken, Shelly; Raymond, Paula; Hymes, Charles

doi:10.1006/jesp.1996.0005

Cited by 432 publications

(536 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the many failures to observe affective priming of naming responses (e.g., Klauer & Musch, 2001;Spruyt et al, 2004), Spruyt et al (2002) show affective priming of naming responses despite the fact that neither pictures were used nor special measures were taken to draw attention to the valence of the stimuli (Bargh et al, 1996;. We can only speculate about the precise procedural factors that were responsible for these findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Based on these findings, one could argue that the affective stimulus dimension was selectively attended to in prior studies that did produce affective priming of naming responses On the (un)conditionality 6 (e.g., Bargh et al, 1996;. Consider, for example, the findings of De Houwer and Randell (2004).…”

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confidence: 97%

“…On the (un)conditionality 4 Also, whereas most affective priming studies employed the evaluative categorization task (see above), both Bargh, Chaiken, Raymond, and Hymes (1996) and Hermans, De Houwer, and Eelen (1994) obtained significant affective priming effects using a word naming task. Unlike the evaluative categorization task, the naming task does not require participants to adopt an explicit evaluative processing goal.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the (un)conditionality of automatic attitude activation: The valence proportion effect.

Everaert

Spruyt²,

Houwer³

2011

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne

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Affective priming studies have shown that participants are faster to pronounce affectively polarized target words that are preceded by affectively congruent prime words than affectively polarized target words that are preceded by affectively incongruent prime words. We examined whether affective priming of naming responses depends on the valence proportion (i.e., the proportion of stimuli that are affectively polarized). In one group of participants, experimental trials were embedded in a context of filler trials that consisted of affectively polarized stimulus materials (i.e., high valence proportion condition). In a second group, the same set of experimental trials was embedded in a context of filler trials consisting of neutral stimuli (i.e., low valence proportion condition). Results showed that affective priming of naming responses was significantly stronger in the high valence proportion condition than in the low valence proportion condition. We conclude that (a) subtle aspects of the procedure can influence affective priming of naming responses, (b) finding affective priming of naming responses does not allow for the conclusion that affective stimulus processing is unconditional, and (c) affective stimulus processing depends on selective attention for affective stimulus information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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On the (un)conditionality of automatic attitude activation: The valence proportion effect.

Everaert

Spruyt²,

Houwer³

2011

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne

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“…2 The untransformed means can be found in Table 1. A Condition (attend to or ignore primes) ¥ Prime Valence (positive or negative) ¥ Target Valence (positive or negative) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last two variables only revealed a main effect of target valence, F(1, 50) = 8.67, p Ͻ .001. As was the case in the studies of Bargh et al (1996), reaction times were shorter for negative targets than for positive targets. Neither the interaction between prime valence and target valence, nor the three-way interaction was significant, Fs Ͻ 1, all other Fs Ͻ 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Trials on which the voice key failed to accurately register the response (3.80 %), an incorrect response was given (0.85 %), or the reaction time was shorter than 150 ms or longer than 1500 ms (0.09 %) were discarded. In accordance with Bargh et al (1996), raw latencies were log transformed before they were submitted to an analysis of variance. 2 The untransformed means can be found in Table 1. A Condition (attend to or ignore primes) ¥ Prime Valence (positive or negative) ¥ Target Valence (positive or negative) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last two variables only revealed a main effect of target valence, F(1, 50) = 8.67, p Ͻ .001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention to Primes Modulates Affective Priming of Pronunciation Responses

Houwer

Randell

2002

Experimental Psychology

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Abstract. In studies on affective priming of pronunciation responses, two words are presented on each trial and participants are asked to read the second word out loud. Whereas some studies revealed shorter reaction times when the two words had the same valence than when they had a different valence, other studies either found no effect of affective congruence or revealed a reversed effect. In the present experiments, a significant effect of affective congruence only emerged when filler trials were presented in which the prime and target were identical and participants were instructed to attend to the primes (Experiment 2). No effects were found when participants were merely instructed to attend to or ignore the primes (Experiment 1), or when affectively incongruent filler trials were presented and participants were instructed to ignore the primes (Experiment 2).

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Emotion, Affect, and Mood in Social Judgments

Fernández‐Dols

Russell

2003

Handbook of Psychology

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We first outline researchers' different implicit philosophical positions on the issue of the relation between language and emotion. Does language accurately describe emotion? Influence emotion? Constitute emotion? Or does everyday language conceal and obscure emotion? One position, that we call “ontological realism” assumes that emotions are pre‐existing entities and words such as “anger” or “sadness” are simply labels for these entities. A second position, that we call Nominalism, assumes that emotion and language about emotion are a same cultural product. A third position, that we call Conceptualism, assumes that emotions are pre‐existing entities but words like “anger” or “sadness” are concepts rather than labels for these entities. A fourth position, that we call Formalism, assumes that language about emotion consists of some universal semantic primitives. An alternative to “emotion” is “affect”, a concept that is mostly related to the pleasure‐arousal theory of emotion but has also been independently developed as a concept with broad applications in social psychology. In this chapter affect is considered as the basic, elemental component of emotion in an emerging paradigm that does not relegate emotion to a particular philosophical position. This paradigm includes various psychological mechanisms—including attribution, automatic and controlled processing, affect as information, appraisal, and core affect—that underlie specific emotional episodes.

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The Automatic Evaluation Effect: Unconditional Automatic Attitude Activation with a Pronunciation Task

Cited by 432 publications

References 37 publications

On the (un)conditionality of automatic attitude activation: The valence proportion effect.

On the (un)conditionality of automatic attitude activation: The valence proportion effect.

Attention to Primes Modulates Affective Priming of Pronunciation Responses

Emotion, Affect, and Mood in Social Judgments

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