The Authentication of the Turin Shroud: An Issue in Archaeological Epistemology [and Comments and Reply]

Meacham, William F.; Alcock, James E.; R, Bucklin; Burridge, Kenelm; Cole, John R.; Dent, Richard J.; Jackson, John P.; McCrone, Walter C.; Maloney, Paul C.; Mueller, Marvin M.; Nickell, Joe; Otterbein, Adam J.; Pellicori, S. F.; Schafersman, Steven D.; Tamburelli, Giovanni; Whanger, Alan D.

doi:10.1086/202996

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the case of the Shroud of Turin, the proof that the body was not washed is evidenced by the presence of blood and stains directly from precise body wounds (Wilson ). This in turn corroborates and supports the application of ointments (Meacham ; Fazio et al ); after the anointing, the corpse was probably rinsed with water to clean away dirt (Krauss –12). This leads us to assume that the body wrapped in the Shroud received a Hebrew funeral and burial rites according to the Torah, the Law of Moses (Deuteronomy 22:11).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Pollen on the Shroud of Turin: The Probable Trace Left by Anointing and Embalming

Boi

2016

Archaeometry

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This study proposes an alternative interpretation of the pollen grains found on the Christian relic of the Shroud of Turin, the majority of which belong to entomogamous plants. The examination of the images in the literature and the observation of modern pollen under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal that the most abundant pollen on the relic may be attributed to the genus Helichrysum (Asteraceae family) instead of Gundelia tournefortii. The other most important pollen found belongs to the Cistaceae-Cistus spp.the Apiaceae-probably Ferula spp.-and the Anacardianceae-the genus Pistacia. These pollen grains could have come from plants used to obtain expensive and valuable substances that would have been the basis for the oils of Helichrysum, ladanum and galbanum, as well as for mastic and terebinth products; this fact has not been considered by previous authors. Ancient historical records give us references that could link the pollen traces to a mixture of balms and ointments employed for preparing the body for funeral and burial. For this reason, the palynological study reveals coherency with these historical records about the rituals, as reported on by the important scientists Pliny the Elder and Dioscorides, dating back to the first century AD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Pollen on the Shroud of Turin: The Probable Trace Left by Anointing and Embalming

Boi

2016

Archaeometry

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“…Observando un poco más profundamente estos signos, se observan en la Síndone unos miembros superiores que no presentan signos de rigidez cadavérica como también lo observan otros autores (Meacham 1983). Este hecho estaría en contraposición con todo lo explicado hasta ahora.…”

Section: Aducción (Aproximación) De Los Brazos Y Antebrazos Con Coberunclassified

“…Una postura rígida de un crucificado implicaría unos antebrazos y unas articulaciones carpianas en semiflexión típica como En los miembros superiores los músculos gravitatorios flexores traccionan más que los antigravitatorios extensores. Sin embargo, la cuasi extensión antigravitatoria de los antebrazos y las manos observada en la Sábana no se le ha dado ninguna explicación (Meacham 1983). Además, las manos con los dedos extendidos parece que están colocados con la intención de no mostrar nada de la genitalidad del sujeto, posición atípica teniendo en cuenta la rigidez propia de un cadáver crucificado.…”

Section: Aducción (Aproximación) De Los Brazos Y Antebrazos Con Coberunclassified

“…Solo nos centraremos en dar una explicación de la imagen y la correlacionaremos con los Evangelios para determinar simetrías, equivalencias y correspondencias con la descripción y explicación que llevaremos a cabo. Aunque existen numerosos estudios en la bibliografía que apuntan a que muy probablemente se trata de la Sábana que cubrió el cadáver de Jesucristo (Borrini and Garlaschelli 2019;Meacham 1983; https://www.shroud.com/; Barbet 1953), nosotros vamos a centrarnos en describir si esa imagen procede de un cadáver o bien de un cuerpo vivo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Signos de Vida en la Figura de la Síndone de Turín

Hontanilla

2019

SetF

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En este artículo se exponen varios signos de vida que presenta la Síndone de Turín. En base al desarrollo de la rigidez cadavérica, se analiza la postura del cuerpo impreso en la Síndone. Igualmente, la presencia de surcos faciales indica que la persona está viva. Por tanto, la Sábana de Turín muestra a la vez signos de muerte como de vida de una persona que dejó su imagen impresa en un momento en el que estaba viva. Si la Síndone es un fraude, se trataría de una obra de arte realizada por un genio con conocimientos médicos, forenses y procesado de imagen de al menos el siglo XX. Si seguimos el relato evangélico observamos que existe una correcta simetría entre los datos presentes en la imagen y lo descrito en los mismos, tanto de la muerte como de la resurrección.

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“…It reappeared in France at Lirey around the years 1353 to 1357 and was kept at Chambéry from 1502 to 15784. Apart from some brief displacements in an effort to hide it during war periods, the shroud has been conserved in the Cathedral of Turin (Italy) from 1578 to the present (for comprehensive reviews see [1][2][3][4][5][6] and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA analysis of dust particles sampled from the Turin Shroud

Barcaccia

Galla

Achilli

et al. 2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The Turin Shroud is traditionally considered the burial cloth in which the body of Jesus Christ was enveloped after his dead about 2000 years ago. Here we report the main findings from the analysis of genomic DNA extracted from dust particles, which were vacuumed from the backside of Turin Shroud corresponding to internal parts of the body image and the lateral edge used for its radiocarbon dating. Specific plant chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) target regions were analyzed to identify plant taxonomic entities and human genetic lineages. Plant species native to the Mediterranean countries and widespread in the Middle East (Vavilov's centers of origin V and IV, respectively) were identified, in addition to others living in temperate and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere or having their primary center of origin and distribution in central and eastern Asia (mainly China, I) or native only to the Americas. Since many of these species were introduced into Europe after the Marco Polo travels and Christopher Columbus voyages, our findings suggest a geographic scenario for which only some of the detected plant cpDNAs are compatible with the supposed origin and trail of the relic, whereas others are likely from a historical interval later than the Medieval period. As for human mtDNAs, our analyses allowed the detection of sequences from multiple subjects, which clustered into a number of western Eurasian haplogroups, including some known to be typical of western Europe (H1 and H3), the Near East (H13 and H33), the Arabian Peninsula (R0a) and the Indian sub-continent (M56 and R8). Such mitogenome diversity could be due to contacts with subjects of different ethnic origins in recent centuries, but it is also compatible with the historic path followed by the Turin Shroud during its supposed 2000-year journey from the Near East. Furthermore it raises the possibility of an Indian manufacture of the linen cloth.

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The Authentication of the Turin Shroud: An Issue in Archaeological Epistemology [and Comments and Reply]

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Pollen on the Shroud of Turin: The Probable Trace Left by Anointing and Embalming

Pollen on the Shroud of Turin: The Probable Trace Left by Anointing and Embalming

Signos de Vida en la Figura de la Síndone de Turín

DNA analysis of dust particles sampled from the Turin Shroud

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