The Austrian Sanitary Cordon and the Control of the Bubonic Plague: 1710–1871

Rothenberg, Gunther E.

doi:10.1093/jhmas/xxviii.1.15

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…By the 18th century, quarantine was a widespread norm of surveillance throughout major European port cities, and state-regulated disease surveillance seemed to have successfully decreased the occurrence of major plague outbreaks in Europe (5,47). Following the Eastern European epidemics of 1702 to 1713, the Austrian Empire established a cordon sanitaire, which was fully enforced by 1770 and spanned from the Adriatic Sea to Transylvania to avoid entry of plague from the Ottoman Empire, with which they had been at war since the 16th century (48). By the time that the Austrian cordon sanitaire started to disintegrate, the Ottoman Empire had established nationwide quarantine measures for the first time following the Napoleonic Wars (1803 to 1815) (5,48,49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the Eastern European epidemics of 1702 to 1713, the Austrian Empire established a cordon sanitaire, which was fully enforced by 1770 and spanned from the Adriatic Sea to Transylvania to avoid entry of plague from the Ottoman Empire, with which they had been at war since the 16th century (48). By the time that the Austrian cordon sanitaire started to disintegrate, the Ottoman Empire had established nationwide quarantine measures for the first time following the Napoleonic Wars (1803 to 1815) (5,48,49). These measures coupled with improved living conditions, medical care, and hygiene therefore could, to some extent, account for progressive European isolation from plague starting with the 17th century, assuming the source of plague was not situated in Western Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

Guellil

Kersten

Namouchi

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Plague continued to afflict Europe for more than five centuries after the Black Death. Yet, by the 17th century, the dynamics of plague had changed, leading to its slow decline in Western Europe over the subsequent 200 y, a period for which only one genome was previously available. Using a multidisciplinary approach, combining genomic and historical data, we assembled Y. pestis genomes from nine individuals covering four Eurasian sites and placed them into an historical context within the established phylogeny. CHE1 (Chechnya, Russia, 18th century) is now the latest Second Plague Pandemic genome and the first non-European sample in the post-Black Death lineage. Its placement in the phylogeny and our synthesis point toward the existence of an extra-European reservoir feeding plague into Western Europe in multiple waves. By considering socioeconomic, ecological, and climatic factors we highlight the importance of a noneurocentric approach for the discussion on Second Plague Pandemic dynamics in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

Guellil

Kersten

Namouchi

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Moreover, there were the enclosed smaller stations that played the role of local markets called Rastel and also several watchhouses (Tschardak). The three quarantines in Banat were located in Pancsowa, Mehadia, and Schuppanek(Mehadia and Jupalnic 14 belong nowadays to Romania, Pančevo to Serbia) and the Rastel areas in Kubin, Homoliza, Ujpalanka/Neu Palanka, Moldowa, Svinitza, and Alt Orschowa 15 (Kovin, Omoljica, and Banatska Palanka are now in Serbia, Moldova Veche, Șvinița and Orșova are in Romania). The guarding of the sanitary cordon was made through the permanent patrolling of the border guards between the watchhouses, whose efforts were supplemented by the patrolling boats of Tschaikisten on the Danube.…”

Section: Diseases and Tackling Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicina na rubu habsburških teritorija

Hirsch

2021

AMHA

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Designed as a defensive system against the Ottoman Empire, the Austrian military border was doubled by a sanitary cordon, which served as a defense shield against epidemics. In order for this system to function adequately, the border patrol troops that served the House of Habsburg also needed protection against the diseases that threatened the empire. The present study brings into discussion the health problems that border guards from the Banat region experienced, a topic that remains largely unaddressed in the existing literature. By building on original archival research and the specialized work of the epoch, this article traces the main conditions, the means of tackling diseases, the remedies that were specifically local or those found within the European repertoire. It also sheds light on the support that the administrative apparatus offered to the troops, namely medical care in its material form (hospitals, quarantines, pharmacies, medicine, monetary assistance) and human form (the personnel hired at the borders: military doctors, surgeons, midwives, veterinarians). This article concludes that the entire correspondence from the center directed at the local authorities in Banat and vice versa reflects in a unique and subtle way the level of medical knowledge of the time.

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“…To prevent the entry of contagion, sanitary cordons (literally a ring of armed soldiers guarding against entry of diseased persons) and quarantines were used in France, Britain, Austria, German, Russia, and other European and Asian nations from the 14th through 19th centuries. 13 By the mid-1800s, in response to devastating cholera and plague epidemics imported into Europe from Turkey and Egypt, and the economic burdens created by different national quarantine systems, European nations with the strongest commercial or colonial interests began to engage in international cooperation. 14 These efforts included attempts to harmonize quarantine policies, a process aided by the emergence of the germ theory of disease in the late 19th century.…”

Section: Quarantine In History: More Than a Medical Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Through the Quarantine Looking Glass: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Public Health Governance, Law, and Ethics

Fidler

Gostin²,

Markel

2007

J. Law. Med. Ethics

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The incident in May-June 2007 involving a U.S. citizen traveling internationally while infected with drug-resistant tuberculosis involved the U.S. federal government's application of its quarantine and isolation powers. The incident and the isolation order raised numerous important issues for public health governance, law, and ethics. This article explores many of these issues by examining how the exercise of quarantine powers provides a powerful lens through which to understand how societies respond to and attempt to govern threats posed by dangerous, contagious pathogens. The article considers historical aspects of governmental power to quarantine and isolate individuals and groups; analyzes the current state of quarantine and isolation law in the United States in light of the recent incident with drug-resistant tuberculosis; and explores global aspects of public health governance and law highlighted by this incident.

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The Austrian Sanitary Cordon and the Control of the Bubonic Plague: 1710–1871

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia

Medicina na rubu habsburških teritorija

Through the Quarantine Looking Glass: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Public Health Governance, Law, and Ethics

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