The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 study: a population-based multigenerational prospective cohort study of socioemotional health and development

Olsson, Craig A.; Letcher, Primrose; Greenwood, Christopher J; McIntosh, Jennifer; Barker, Sophie; Olsson, Catherine M; Spry, Elizabeth; Hutchinson, Delyse; Ryan, Joanne; Edwards, Ben; McGee, Rob; Patton, George C; Sanson, Ann

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061854

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The analytical sample consisted of 809 infants (to 515 G2 ATP participants), residing in the state of Victoria, who provided data on any of the outcomes of interest or for whom residential address data were available when the child was 1 year old. This resulted in a sample of 71% of the infants to the G2 ATP participants ( n = 1,138–703 G2 ATP participants) who had consented to partake in the ATP G3 study (Olsson et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attrition was observed from the G2 ATP sample ( n = 2,443) to the sample that was screened for eligibility for inclusion in ATP G3 ( n = 1,701; Olsson et al, 2022). Compared to the full G2 ATP sample, the screened sample ( n = 1,701) was characterized by fewer non-Australian born parents and somewhat higher education levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the full G2 ATP sample, the screened sample ( n = 1,701) was characterized by fewer non-Australian born parents and somewhat higher education levels. Parents who assented to participate in the G3 study ( n = 703) were otherwise broadly representative of those eligible to participate ( n = 860) on baseline characteristics in 1983 (i.e., G1 education and country of birth and G2 biological sex, temperament, and behavior problems; Olsson et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Neighborhood Nature an Ecological Precursor of Parenting Practices, Infant-Parent Bonding, and Infant Socioemotional Function?

Mygind

Greenwood

Letcher

et al. 2023

Environment and Behavior

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Nurturing relationships are crucial for adaptive child development. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether nature availability was associated with early nurturing parenting practices, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional function. Data were from the Australian Temperament Project ( n = 809 infants to 515 parents residing in Victoria, Australia) and were linked cross-sectionally to residential greenness (i.e., Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index). There were no observable associations between residential greenness within a 1,600 m network radius and parenting practices, mother-infant bonding, or infant socioemotional function. The findings were largely corroborated by sensitivity analyses (i.e., NDVI within 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 m and distance to park). Shorter distances to a park were associated with less hostile parenting. More residential greenness (1,000 and 1,600 m) was associated with stronger father-infant bonding and more hostile parenting amongst the most stressed parents in exploratory analyses. Residential greenness might be a socioecological precursor for father-infant bonding.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Neighborhood Nature an Ecological Precursor of Parenting Practices, Infant-Parent Bonding, and Infant Socioemotional Function?

Mygind

Greenwood

Letcher

et al. 2023

Environment and Behavior

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“…Pregnancies and children of participants or partners were identified via email or phone calls every 6 months between late 2011 and 2018 when participants were aged 28-37 years, representing the peak age for first births in Australia. Details on ATPG3 recruitment and methods are provided in Olsson et al (2022).…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting orientations in young adulthood: Predicting timing of parenthood and quality of postpartum caregiving.

Collins¹,

Greenwood²,

Youssef³

et al. 2023

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Most but not all adults become parents, yet it remains unclear which characteristics indicate an orientation toward parenting. The aims of this study were to (a) distinguish profiles of individual and interpersonal resources in young adults that may orient them toward parenthood and (b) investigate whether profiles predicted timing of entering parenthood, postpartum parenting behavior, and parent–infant bonding. Participants were 1,429 young people (53% female) enrolled in an Australian 39-year longitudinal study. Predictor data for latent profile analysis were collected at 23–24 and 27–28 years. Parenthood timing was designated as “early” ≤25 years, “on-time” >25 years, and “not a parent” by age 37 years. Parenting outcomes were assessed at 12 months postpartum in 684 parents of 1,144 children. Four-profile classes were identified: “connected” (n = 463, 32.4%), “constricted empathy” (n = 461, 32.3%), “insecure” (n = 343, 24%), and “disconnected” (n = 162, 11.3%). Connected young adults were characterized by close ties to family of origin and peers and by identity clarity and empathy. Connected participants were more likely than those in insecure and disconnected classes to be parents by 37 years and more likely to enter parenthood “on-time” compared to “early” parenthood in the constricted empathy class. Among those who became parents, the connected class reported the strongest bonds and warmest parenting and was least anxious or hostile in parenting their infants. Findings provide insights into preconception patterns among variables that together predict reproductive timing, postpartum bonding, and quality of parenting.

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“…To progress understanding of the potential aetiological relationship between experiences in intimate relationships in emerging adults, well prior to becoming a parent, and infant–parent offspring attachment security, access to mature longitudinal data sets that hold prospective data crossing generations is needed. One such study is the Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study (ATPG3), which is one of Australia's longest running studies of social and emotional development that has followed over 2,000 young Australians (and their parents) from birth to adulthood from 1983 (Generations 1 and 2) and over 1,000 offspring from pregnancy to middle childhood (Generation 3) since 2012 (Olsson et al., 2022). The study has prospective measures of young adult experiences of close relationships in their early 20s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse experiences in early intimate relationships and next‐generation infant–mother attachment: findings from the ATP Generation 3 Study

Olsson,

Greenwood,

Letcher

et al. 2023

ANZ J of Family Therapy

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Chronic insecurities that emerge from adverse experiences in early intimate partner relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood can have profound impacts on mental health and well‐being. Less clear is the extent to which these experiences for parents impact subsequent relationships within and across generations. We examine the extent to which secure, dismissing, pre‐occupied, and fearful intimate partner relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood, well before becoming a parent, are associated with next‐generation patterns of attachment between mothers and infant offspring. Data were drawn from a nested study of infant–mother attachment (n = 220) within the Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study (N = 1167, est. 1983). Intimate partner relationships in adolescence and young adulthood were assessed by self‐report at 23–24 years of age. Over a decade later, infant–mother attachment security was assessed at 12 months post‐partum. Young adult intimate partner relationships defined by high levels of fearful, pre‐occupied, and dismissing attachment styles were reported in 11%, 17%, and 38% of young mothers, respectively. Increases in fear of intimacy in relationships were associated with an increase in the odds, by around 50%, of infant–mother insecure attachments (vs secure; OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.28) and disorganised attachments (vs organised; OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.22). A mother's self‐reported history of fear of intimacy within young adult relationships predicts later insecure and disorganised mother–infant attachments. Guidance and greater support for young people navigating their earliest intimate relationships may not only prevent adverse relational experiences at the time but also on becoming a parent. Findings have relevance for family and infant mental health therapies. Translating these findings into supported conversations may help prevent infant–mother attachment difficulties, or later repair them, through validation of the lingering effects of early fear of intimacy and empowerment of parents to prevent next‐generation infant experiences of distrust.

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The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 study: a population-based multigenerational prospective cohort study of socioemotional health and development

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Is Neighborhood Nature an Ecological Precursor of Parenting Practices, Infant-Parent Bonding, and Infant Socioemotional Function?

Is Neighborhood Nature an Ecological Precursor of Parenting Practices, Infant-Parent Bonding, and Infant Socioemotional Function?

Parenting orientations in young adulthood: Predicting timing of parenthood and quality of postpartum caregiving.

Adverse experiences in early intimate relationships and next‐generation infant–mother attachment: findings from the ATP Generation 3 Study

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