The Auditory System Function - An Integrative Perspective

Grothe, Benedikt

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805408-6.00009-9

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…In addition to the cochlear nuclei (Figures 5A-C), several neurons migrate more ventrally to develop mostly from r4 to generate the medial olivocochlear nuclei (MOCs; Farago et al, 2006;Di Bonito et al, 2017). Different projections innervate ipsi-and contralateral MOCs (Marrs et al, 2013;Lipovsek and Wingate, 2018;Kandler et al, 2020;Grothe, 2021). For example, the development of detailed innervation shows an exuberant innervation of the MNTB followed by the development of the calyx of Held with time (Holcomb et al, 2013) that may decline in density formation with age (Elliott et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Auditory Nuclei Depend On Atoh1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SGN fibers end up in a tonotopic organization that follows a base to apex progression to the MOCs. Both time and intensity are used to identify the unique frequency for future interactions (Grothe, 2021;Kandler et al, 2021). Innervation shows a bilateral projection from each cochlear nuclei to reach the lateral lemniscus to extend to the inferior colliculi (Macova et al, 2019;Syka, 2020).…”

Section: Auditory Nuclei Depend On Atoh1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascending projections to the inferior colliculi (IC) are bilateral projections either directly from the cochlear nucleus or indirectly from the cochlear nuclei (AVCN, PVCN, and DCN) through the MOCs and the lateral lemniscus, all while maintaining the tonotopic organization (Malmierca, 2015;Macova et al, 2019;Syka, 2020). The IC projects from the unilateral medial geniculate ganglion (MGB) that have limited crossing fibers in the IC (Grothe, 2021). Limited data (Gurung and Fritzsch, 2004;Razak et al, 2009) shows the earliest projection that has a prominent expression of Neurod1 to the IC to project to the auditory nucleus (Malone et al, 2021).…”

Section: Auditory Nuclei Depend On Atoh1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon

Fritzsch

Elliott

Yamoah

2022

Front. Neural Circuits

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Somatosensory, taste, vestibular, and auditory information is first processed in the brainstem. From the brainstem, the respective information is relayed to specific regions within the cortex, where these inputs are further processed and integrated with other sensory systems to provide a comprehensive sensory experience. We provide the organization, genetics, and various neuronal connections of four sensory systems: trigeminal, taste, vestibular, and auditory systems. The development of trigeminal fibers is comparable to many sensory systems, for they project mostly contralaterally from the brainstem or spinal cord to the telencephalon. Taste bud information is primarily projected ipsilaterally through the thalamus to reach the insula. The vestibular fibers develop bilateral connections that eventually reach multiple areas of the cortex to provide a complex map. The auditory fibers project in a tonotopic contour to the auditory cortex. The spatial and tonotopic organization of trigeminal and auditory neuron projections are distinct from the taste and vestibular systems. The individual sensory projections within the cortex provide multi-sensory integration in the telencephalon that depends on context-dependent tertiary connections to integrate other cortical sensory systems across the four modalities.

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Section: Auditory Nuclei Depend On Atoh1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auditory Nuclei Depend On Atoh1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Auditory Nuclei Depend On Atoh1mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon

Fritzsch

Elliott

Yamoah

2022

Front. Neural Circuits

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“…The mammalian auditory system evolved in tetrapods out of the vestibular system [1,2] that diversifies into distinct hair cells with a unique innervation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) which reach the cochlear nuclei for information processing [3,4]. The development of the auditory system depends on sequential activation of various genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development in the Mammalian Auditory System Depends on Transcription Factors

Elliott

Pavlínková

Chizhikov

et al. 2021

IJMS

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We review the molecular basis of several transcription factors (Eya1, Sox2), including the three related genes coding basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH; see abbreviations) proteins (Neurog1, Neurod1, Atoh1) during the development of spiral ganglia, cochlear nuclei, and cochlear hair cells. Neuronal development requires Neurog1, followed by its downstream target Neurod1, to cross-regulate Atoh1 expression. In contrast, hair cells and cochlear nuclei critically depend on Atoh1 and require Neurod1 expression for interactions with Atoh1. Upregulation of Atoh1 following Neurod1 loss changes some vestibular neurons’ fate into “hair cells”, highlighting the significant interplay between the bHLH genes. Further work showed that replacing Atoh1 by Neurog1 rescues some hair cells from complete absence observed in Atoh1 null mutants, suggesting that bHLH genes can partially replace one another. The inhibition of Atoh1 by Neurod1 is essential for proper neuronal cell fate, and in the absence of Neurod1, Atoh1 is upregulated, resulting in the formation of “intraganglionic” HCs. Additional genes, such as Eya1/Six1, Sox2, Pax2, Gata3, Fgfr2b, Foxg1, and Lmx1a/b, play a role in the auditory system. Finally, both Lmx1a and Lmx1b genes are essential for the cochlear organ of Corti, spiral ganglion neuron, and cochlear nuclei formation. We integrate the mammalian auditory system development to provide comprehensive insights beyond the limited perception driven by singular investigations of cochlear neurons, cochlear hair cells, and cochlear nuclei. A detailed analysis of gene expression is needed to understand better how upstream regulators facilitate gene interactions and mammalian auditory system development.

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The Auditory System Function - An Integrative Perspective

Cited by 2 publications

References 196 publications

Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon

Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon

Development in the Mammalian Auditory System Depends on Transcription Factors

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