The Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS): a flexible hybrid cognitive test instrument

Schofield, Peter R.; Lee, Stephen J.; Lewin, Terry J.; Lyall, Grant; Moyle, Jonson; Attia, John; McEvoy, Mark

doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.188003

Cited by 41 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although there were no differences in reported hearing difficulty between the impaired and non-impaired groups, there were more reports of difficulty hearing the instructions among the older subjects. Though Schofield's studies do not specifically address hearing loss, our results may reflect the fact that the current sample (mean age 81.7) is considerably older than Schofield's original Australian sample (mean age was 59 years in one study (Schofield et al, 2010) and 74 in another (Schofield et al, 2003). The ARCS administration in the current study involved the use of a standard portable Compact Disc player and headphones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…turn back to previous pages), a behavior that might be more likely of subjects knew they were not being observed and something that might be important for assessment in group settings. Schofield and colleagues (Schofield et al, 2010) reported very little systematic cheating (fewer than 6 over 2,600 administrations). The current results suggest that the ARCS may be useful in settings that rely on personnel with little or no professional training in neuropsychology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…HAT-A/B and Trails-A/ B scores are negatively correlated because HAT-A/B scores represent number of items correct and Trails A/B scores represent time. Information regarding how ARCS domain scores were generated, including factor analyses, may be found in Schofield's paper (Schofield et al, 2010).…”

Section: Performance On Arcs and Uds Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Validity and reliability have been described (Schofield et al, 2010) in a large sample of Australian residents from community and clinic settings. High correlations were found between ARCS domain scores (memory, verbal fluency, naming, visuospatial function and attention/executive function) and scores from in-person evaluations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other advantages of a brief audio-recorded battery include low demand on the clinician or data collector and a technology with which older people are familiar. The ARCS has been described by Schofield and colleagues (Schofield et al, 2010) as a "hybrid" instrument, one that encompasses the brevity of a cognitive screen and the breadth of a comprehensive battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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P3–222: Detection of mild cognitive impairment and early‐stage dementia with an audio‐recorded cognitive scale

Sewell

Luo

Neugroschl

et al. 2013

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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BACKGROUND-Physicians often miss a diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or early dementia and screening measures can be insensitive to very mild impairments. Other cognitive assessments may take too much time or be frustrating to seniors. This study examined the ability of an audio-recorded scale, developed in Australia, to detect MCI or mild Alzheimer's disease and compared cognitive domain specific performance on the audio-recorded scale to inperson battery and common cognitive screens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Performance On Arcs and Uds Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

P3–222: Detection of mild cognitive impairment and early‐stage dementia with an audio‐recorded cognitive scale

Sewell

Luo

Neugroschl

et al. 2013

Alzheimer's & Dementia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Erythrocyte microRNAs show biomarker potential and implicate multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes

Groen

Maltby

Scott

et al. 2020

Clinical & Translational Med

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Background Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating autoimmune disease, for which there is no blood‐borne biomarker. Erythrocytes may provide a source of such biomarkers as they contain microRNAs. MicroRNAs regulate protein translation through complementary binding to messenger RNA. As erythrocytes are transcriptionally inactive, their microRNA profiles may be less susceptible to variation. The aim of this study was to assess the biomarker potential of erythrocyte microRNAs for multiple sclerosis and assess the potential contribution of erythrocyte‐derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs to pathology. Methods Erythrocytes were isolated from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation. Erythrocyte microRNAs of a discovery cohort (23 multiple sclerosis patients and 22 healthy controls) were sequenced. Increased expression of miR‐183 cluster microRNAs (hsa‐miR‐96‐5p, hsa‐miR‐182‐5p and hsa‐miR‐183‐5p) was validated in an independent cohort of 42 patients and 45 healthy and pathological (migraine) controls. Erythrocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles were created ex vivo and their microRNAs were sequenced. Targets of microRNAs were predicted using miRDIP. Results Hsa‐miR‐182‐5p and hsa‐miR‐183‐5p were able to discriminate relapsing multiple sclerosis patients from migraine patients and/or healthy controls with 89‐94% accuracy and around 90% specificity. Hsa‐miR‐182‐5p and hsa‐miR‐183‐5p expression correlated with measures of physical disability and hsa‐miR‐96‐5p expression correlated with measures of cognitive disability in multiple sclerosis. Erythrocytes were found to selectively package microRNAs into extracellular vesicles and 34 microRNAs were found to be differentially packaged between healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients. Several gene targets of differentially expressed and packaged erythrocyte microRNAs overlapped with multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes. Gene enrichment analysis indicated involvement in nervous system development and histone H3‐K27 demethylation. Conclusions Erythrocyte miR‐183 cluster members may be developed into specific multiple sclerosis biomarkers that could assist with diagnosis and disability monitoring. Erythrocyte and their extracellular microRNAs were shown to target multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes and may be contributing to the pathophysiology via previously identified routes.

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The Role of Olfactory Challenge Tests in Incipient Dementia and Clinical Trial Design

Schofield

Finnie

Yong

2014

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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The brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop slowly over many years before the onset of dementia. Biomarkers for AD that allow its detection during this clinically silent phase will be hugely important when disease-modifying treatments that halt or slow its progression become available. Early detection, leading to early treatment, may in some cases avert dementia. Biomarkers aid our understanding of the presymptomatic stages of the disease and enable the identification of individuals with early disease who, by participating in clinical trials of investigational treatments with disease-modifying potential, contribute unique and vital information necessary to evaluate novel therapies. Most currently available AD biomarkers are expensive and not widely available and there are major efforts underway to find cheaper, simpler options. The olfactory system is affected by AD and the results from simple and inexpensive tests of the sense of smell, especially when paired with other information, can help identify individuals early in the disease. We review recent literature relevant to the use of simple olfactory tests, including some novel approaches, as aids to the early detection of AD. We consider their possible role in the design and conduct of clinical trials and suggest how in the future, when more effective treatments become available, they might be integrated into screening programs for early AD detection.

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The Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS): a flexible hybrid cognitive test instrument

Abstract: The ARCS has good validity and reliability, has a sound normative base and measures functioning in multiple cognitive domains while imposing minimal time demands upon the clinician.

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

P3–222: Detection of mild cognitive impairment and early‐stage dementia with an audio‐recorded cognitive scale

P3–222: Detection of mild cognitive impairment and early‐stage dementia with an audio‐recorded cognitive scale

Erythrocyte microRNAs show biomarker potential and implicate multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes

The Role of Olfactory Challenge Tests in Incipient Dementia and Clinical Trial Design

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