Background:China launched New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS) in 2003. However, satisfaction and voluntary participation in NRCMS of Liaoning province was unknown after ten years launching of NRCMS. Methods: In 2014, a total of 1500 individuals from 12 general hospitals in Liaoyang City, Dalian City, Panjin City and Tieling City of Liaoning Province were investigated using self-administered questionnaire by trained staff. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to find out the satisfaction with NRCMS and its influencing factors among population from Liaoning province. Results: Of all respondents, 180 individuals (13.8%) were highly or relatively satisfied with the program. Moreover, 1092 individuals (84.0%) were fairly satisfied with the program, whereas 29 individuals (2.2%) were not. Multivariate analysis showed the price and range of drug, reimbursement ratio, simplicity of reimbursement procedures and medical technology level of hospitals were the main factors influencing the satisfaction.Conclusion: The overall satisfaction degree of Liaoning province's participating in NRCMS participant is at the middle level. In the process of seeking medical treatment, efforts are made to improve the reimbursement level, simplify the reimbursement procedures, increase the types of drugs in the reimbursement catalogue, and simultaneously take effective measures to control drug prices.