The attentional blink in amblyopia

Popple, Ariella V.; Levi, Dennis M.

doi:10.1167/8.13.12

Cited by 47 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In a different type of tracking task, in which the ability to track deviations in linear trajectories was assessed, a small deficit was observed in the amblyopic but not the fellow eye in a group of six adults with strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia (Tripathy & Levi, 2008). The deficit in multiple-object tracking in amblyopia is consistent with other deficits on high-level tasks requiring attentive processing, including object enumeration (Sharma, Levi, & Klein, 2000) and the attentional blink (Asper, Crewther, & Crewther, 2003;Popple & Levi, 2008).…”

Section: Multiple-object Trackingmentioning

confidence: 56%

The effect of occlusion therapy on motion perception deficits in amblyopia

et al. 2015

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There is growing evidence for deficits in motion perception in amblyopia, but these are rarely assessed clinically. In this prospective study we examined the effect of occlusion therapy on motion-defined form perception and multiple-object tracking. Participants included children (3-10years old) with unilateral anisometropic and/or strabismic amblyopia who were currently undergoing occlusion therapy and age-matched control children with normal vision. At the start of the study, deficits in motion-defined form perception were present in at least one eye in 69% of the children with amblyopia. These deficits were still present at the end of the study in 55% of the amblyopia group. For multiple-object tracking, deficits were present initially in 64% and finally in 55% of the children with amblyopia, even after completion of occlusion therapy. Many of these deficits persisted in spite of an improvement in amblyopic eye visual acuity in response to occlusion therapy. The prevalence of motion perception deficits in amblyopia as well as their resistance to occlusion therapy, support the need for new approaches to amblyopia treatment.

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Section: Multiple-object Trackingmentioning

confidence: 56%

The effect of occlusion therapy on motion perception deficits in amblyopia

et al. 2015

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“…Indeed, if we were to systematically manipulate attention and test amblyopes on a series of tasks, attention-related deficits may manifest further along the visual pathways or for higher level cognitive functions. For instance, in tasks using crowded and dynamic stimulus displays thought to involve higher level forms of attention, e.g., attentional tracking of multiple object displays (Ho et al, 2006) and the attentional blink paradigm (Popple & Levi, 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the attentional blink (Popple & Levi, 2008), numerosity estimation (Sharma, Levi, & Klein, 2000), and multiple object tracking (Ho et al, 2006; Tripathy & Levi, 2008). 1 These deficits may be a consequence of the anomalous visual input amblyopes receive during development, which leads to abnormal visual processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covert spatial attention is functionally intact in amblyopic human adults

et al. 2016

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Certain abnormalities in behavioral performance and neural signaling have been attributed to a deficit of visual attention in amblyopia, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a diverse array of visual deficits following abnormal binocular childhood experience. Critically, most have inferred attention's role in their task without explicitly manipulating and measuring its effects against a baseline condition. Here, we directly investigate whether human amblyopic adults benefit from covert spatial attention—the selective processing of visual information in the absence of eye movements—to the same degree as neurotypical observers. We manipulated both involuntary (Experiment 1) and voluntary (Experiment 2) attention during an orientation discrimination task for which the effects of covert spatial attention have been well established in neurotypical and special populations. In both experiments, attention significantly improved accuracy and decreased reaction times to a similar extent (a) between the eyes of the amblyopic adults and (b) between the amblyopes and their age- and gender-matched controls. Moreover, deployment of voluntary attention away from the target location significantly impaired task performance (Experiment 2). The magnitudes of the involuntary and voluntary attention benefits did not correlate with amblyopic depth or severity. Both groups of observers showed canonical performance fields (better performance along the horizontal than vertical meridian and at the lower than upper vertical meridian) and similar effects of attention across locations. Despite their characteristic low-level vision impairments, covert spatial attention remains functionally intact in human amblyopic adults.

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“…Under everyday binocular viewing conditions, an amblyope would almost never initiate a saccade toward a target seen in the amblyopic eye (Popple & Levi, 2008). For one thing, there is not much to be gained by shifting the amblyopic fovea to a peripheral target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the amblyopic eye does not determine the saccadic target, it probably has little influence on selective attention during binocular viewing, and may suffer from inadequate command of attention even during monocular viewing. Several studies have found abnormalities in the control of attention by the amblyopic eye (Farzin & Norcia, 2011; Kiorpes, Pham, & Carrasco, 2012; Popple & Levi, 2008; Sharma, Levi, & Klein, 2000). Lai, McKee, Hou, and Verghese (2013) found that the amblyopic eye could use cued attention to enhance contrast sensitivity, but that the shift in attention to the cued site was delayed, compared to normal observers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic latency in amblyopia

et al. 2016

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We measured saccadic latencies in a large sample (total n = 459) of individuals with amblyopia or risk factors for amblyopia, e.g., strabismus or anisometropia, and normal control subjects. We presented an easily visible target randomly to the left or right, 3.5° from fixation. The interocular difference in saccadic latency is highly correlated with the interocular difference in LogMAR (Snellen) acuity—as the acuity difference increases, so does the latency difference. Strabismic and strabismic-anisometropic amblyopes have, on average, a larger difference between their eyes in LogMAR acuity than anisometropic amblyopes and thus their interocular latency difference is, on average, significantly larger than anisometropic amblyopes. Despite its relation to LogMAR acuity, the longer latency in strabismic amblyopes cannot be attributed either to poor resolution or to reduced contrast sensitivity, because their interocular differences in grating acuity and in contrast sensitivity are roughly the same as for anisometropic amblyopes. The correlation between LogMAR acuity and saccadic latency arises because of the confluence of two separable effects in the strabismic amblyopic eye—poor letter recognition impairs LogMAR acuity while an intrinsic sluggishness delays reaction time. We speculate that the frequent microsaccades and the accompanying attentional shifts, made while strabismic amblyopes struggle to maintain fixation with their amblyopic eyes, result in all types of reactions being irreducibly delayed.

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The attentional blink in amblyopia

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

The effect of occlusion therapy on motion perception deficits in amblyopia

The effect of occlusion therapy on motion perception deficits in amblyopia

Covert spatial attention is functionally intact in amblyopic human adults

Saccadic latency in amblyopia

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