The Attachment Learning Process and Its Relation to Cultural and Biological Evolution: Proximate and Ultimate Considerations

Petrovich, Slobodan B.; Gewirtz, Jacob L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-586780-1.50013-6

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Prolonged separation can lead to depression and later withdrawal from social interaction even when the opportunities for it reappear. Early separation from the mother can also lead to immature sexual response and inappropriate rearing behaviors (Petrovich & Gewirtz, 1985). Some of Harlow's studies show that the response pattern of pigtail and rhesus monkeys separated from their mothers is parallel to that of human infants during separation (Deets & Harlow, 1971;Harlow, 1971).…”

Section: Argument For Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, the Efe, a pygmy tribe of Zaire, employ a form of communal infant caretaking and attachment with several women responsible for the attention to and feeding of the infant (Tronick, Winn, & Morelli, 1985). Finally, attachment and caretaking is observed in a widely divergent set of nonprimate species as well, including rodents, birds, canines and so on (Petrovich & Gewirtz, 1985).…”

Section: Argument For Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Biological Origins of Automated Patterns of Human Interaction

Cappella¹

1991

Commun Theory

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T h e biological origins of automated patterns of-human interaction are explored. Automated patterns of interaction are distinguished f r o m deliberate patterns. Automated patterns consist of two particular types: stimulation regulation and emotional responsiveness.Evidence for the biological origins of these patterns is obtained by studying the early interactions of infants and neonates, surveying the ethological parallels, exploring the evolutionary adaptiveness of the specific patterns, and ascertaining physiological, psychopharmacological, and brain mechanisms responsible f o r the putterns. Although circumstantial, the case f o r a biological basis for stimulation regulation and emotional responsiveness is w r y suggestive.Consider what one can mean by the origins of a set of human behaviors. Origins can be located in learning, through the social, cultural, and environmental forces impinging on the organism. They can be located in the set of causal forces that produce the immediate behaviors under scrutiny. Origins can also be found in the set of logical operators that give rise to the set of all possible behaviors within a given domain, as Chomsky's (1957) grammatical operators did for language. Finally, the origins of a set of behaviors can be located in the biological, genetic, and evolutionary forces that are ultimately responsible for the behavior set. These four domains may be labeled nurture, proximate causality, logical generation, and nature.A student of human behavior interested in understanding behavior in its fullest would be unwise to neglect any of these aspects of a behavior's origins. To do so would be like trying to understand the volume of a complex geometric figure (like a duodecahedron) by measuring its height. It just will not work. That caveat offered, the focus of this article will nevertheless be limited to the biological origins of human interaction, locating itself on nature's side of the nature-nurture debate.Why should one focus o n the biological origins of human interaction? Forgetting about the "human interaction" component for the moment, several factors recommend a consideration of the ultimate origins of a behavior pattern. First, in the field of communication studies, the preeminent forms of explanation of human behavior have been the social and psychological. The reasons for this are as much accidents of history, linked to the roots of communication studies in social psychology, as they are a result of rational consideration of the set of explanatory forces operative in human conduct. Recent trends indicate an even larger role in 4

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Section: Argument For Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Argument For Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Biological Origins of Automated Patterns of Human Interaction

Cappella¹

1991

Commun Theory

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“…As Van Dijk (1988) has suggested, such social learning provides our general norms and values, and when deviance is of concern, our culture teaches us about outcasts and their punishments, about which deviant behaviors or ideas need attention.4 Culture teaches the traditions of the society and often includes "the ability to conceive of a 'better way of life' for oneself and one's offspring" (Petrovich & Gewirtz, 1985).…”

Section: Cultural Evolution and The Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardwired for News: Using Biological and Cultural Evolution to Explain the Surveillance Function

Shoemaker

1996

Journal of Communication

346

200

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“…Biological information in the form of DNA that determines genes may confer advantages within a particular cultural environment. From an evolutionary perspective, engaging in behaviors that best meet situational demands increases the likelihood that information contained in both the genes and memes will be passed on (Petrovich and Gewirtz, 1985). We assume that both biological and cultural evolutionary processes operate on behaviors and on the organism's susceptibility to the potentially eliciting and reinforcing properties of events (Commons and Miller, 1998).…”

Section: Selectionism At the Cultural Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectionism and Stage Change: The Dynamics of Evolution, I

Commons

2008

World Futures

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The Attachment Learning Process and Its Relation to Cultural and Biological Evolution: Proximate and Ultimate Considerations

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

The Biological Origins of Automated Patterns of Human Interaction

The Biological Origins of Automated Patterns of Human Interaction

Hardwired for News: Using Biological and Cultural Evolution to Explain the Surveillance Function

Selectionism and Stage Change: The Dynamics of Evolution, I

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