The Atmospheric Aerosol-Forming Potential of Whole Gasoline Vapor

Odum, Jay R.; Jungkamp, T. P. W.; Griffin, Robert J.; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.

doi:10.1126/science.276.5309.96

Cited by 539 publications

(470 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[60] Of all the primary hydrocarbons shown in Figure 14c, only the aromatics are assumed to be efficient precursors for secondary POM formation [Odum et al, 1997]. However, it is interesting to note that the decrease of carbon mass associated with the aromatics is less than the increase of carbon mass due to secondary POM.…”

Section: Budget Of Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the results of the analysis is a description of the evolution of the total and speciated organic carbon in an air mass as it is processed. The increase in the mass associated with POM is compared with the formation yields for different precursors that have been reported in the literature [Odum et al, 1997;Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002

et al. 2005

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[1] An extensive set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate organic matter (POM) was measured in polluted air during the New England Air Quality Study in 2002. Using VOC ratios, the photochemical age of the sampled air masses was estimated. This approach was validated (1) by comparing the observed rates at which VOCs were removed from the atmosphere with the rates expected from OH oxidation, (2) by comparing the VOC emission ratios inferred from the data with the average composition of urban air, and (3) by the ability to describe the increase of an alkyl nitrate with time in terms of the chemical kinetics. A large part of the variability observed for oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and POM could be explained by a description that includes the removal of the primary anthropogenic emissions, the formation and removal of secondary anthropogenic species, and a biogenic contribution parameterized by the emissions of isoprene. The OVOC sources determined from the data are compared with the available literature, and a satisfactory agreement is obtained. The observed sub-mm POM was highly correlated with secondary anthropogenic gas-phase species, strongly suggesting that the POM was from secondary anthropogenic sources. The results are used to describe the speciation and total mass of gas-and particle-phase organic carbon as a function of the photochemical age of an urban air mass. Shortly after emission the organic carbon mass is dominated by primary VOCs, while after two days the dominant contribution is from OVOCs and sub-mm POM. The total measured organic carbon mass decreased by about 40% over the course of two days. The increase in sub-mm POM could not be explained by the removal of aromatic precursors alone, suggesting that other species must have contributed and/or that the mechanism for POM formation is more efficient than previously assumed.Citation: de Gouw, J. A., et al. (2005), Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air

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Section: Budget Of Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002

et al. 2005

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“…As important precursors of ozone [8][9][10], AHs contribute substantially to ambient ozone particularly in polluted urban environments, and photooxidation of AHs was estimated to contribute up to ∼30% of photochemically produced ozone in the boundary layer over Europe [11]. AHs are also most important anthropogenic precursors of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Although estimated SOA from biogenic sources substantially exceeds that from anthropogenic sources on the global scale [18,19], AHs have been identified as dominant SOA precursors in some highly industrialized and densely populated regions, like the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region

Zhang

Wang

Barletta

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

136

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h i g h l i g h t sWe measured aromatic hydrocarbons at four contrasting sites in the PRD region. Diagnostic ratios were used to imply sources of aromatic hydrocarbons. Sources of aromatic hydrocarbons were apportioned by PMF receptor model. Solvent use, vehicle exhaust and biomass burning contributed over 89% AHs. Biomass burning contributed to AHs, particularly for Benzene in the rural. t r a c tAromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are both hazardous air pollutants and important precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Here we investigated 14 C 6 -C 9 AHs at one urban, one suburban and two rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region during November-December 2009. The ratios of individual aromatics to acetylene were compared among these contrasting sites to indicate their difference in source contributions from solvent use and vehicle emissions. Ratios of toluene to benzene (T/B) in urban (1.8) and suburban (1.6) were near that of vehicle emissions. Higher T/B of 2.5 at the rural site downwind the industry zones reflected substantial contribution of solvent use while T/B of 0.8 at the upwind rural site reflected the impact of biomass burning. Source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed that solvent use, vehicle exhaust and biomass burning altogether accounted for 89-94% of observed AHs. Vehicle exhaust was the major source for benzene with a share of 43-70% and biomass burning in particular contributed 30% to benzene in the upwind rural site; toluene, C 8 -aromatics and C 9 -aromatics, however, were mainly from solvent use, with contribution percentages of 47-59%, 52-59% and 41-64%, respectively.

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“…In calculating SOA yield, the organic aerosol mass is corrected for the amount of inorganic nitrate measured in each experiment. For convenience, SOA yields can be parameterized by a semi-empirical model based on absorptive gas-particle partitioning of two semivolatile products (Odum et al, 1996(Odum et al, , 1997a:…”

Section: Aerosol Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO<sub>3</sub>)

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO 3 ) is investigated in the Caltech indoor chambers. Experiments are performed in the dark and under dry conditions (RH<10%) using N 2 O 5 as a source of NO 3 radicals. For an initial isoprene concentration of 18.4 to 101.6 ppb, the SOA yield (defined as the ratio of the mass of organic aerosol formed to the mass of parent hydrocarbon reacted) ranges from 4.3% to 23.8%. By examining the time evolutions of gas-phase intermediate products and aerosol volume in real time, we are able to constrain the chemistry that leads to the formation of lowvolatility products. Although the formation of ROOR from the reaction of two peroxy radicals (RO 2 ) has generally been considered as a minor channel, based on the gas-phase and aerosol-phase data it appears that RO 2 +RO 2 reaction (self reaction or cross-reaction) in the gas phase yielding ROOR products is a dominant SOA formation pathway. A wide array of organic nitrates and peroxides are identified in the aerosol formed and mechanisms for SOA formation are proposed. Using a uniform SOA yield of 10% (corresponding to M o ∼ =10 µg m −3 ), it is estimated that ∼2 to 3 Tg yr −1 of SOA results from isoprene+NO 3 . The extent to which the results from this study can be applied to conditions in the atmosphere depends on the fate of peroxy radicals in the nighttime troposphere.

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The Atmospheric Aerosol-Forming Potential of Whole Gasoline Vapor

Cited by 539 publications

References 19 publications

Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002

Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002

Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO<sub>3</sub>)

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The Atmospheric Aerosol-Forming Potential of Whole Gasoline Vapor

Cited by 539 publications

References 19 publications

Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002

Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002

Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)

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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO<sub>3</sub>)