The Asteroidea (Echinodermata) of the Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic of Germany)

Blake, Daniel B.; Hagdorn, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf03004558

Cited by 38 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There are inconsistencies, and interpretations will continue to evolve, but emerging results are broadly in accord with those of Blake (1987Blake ( , 1990 and Blake and Hagdorn (2003). Molecular results are of increasing significance in many groups and can be expected to dominate morphological perspectives in the classification and interpretation of crown-group asteroids.…”

Section: Betelgeusia Asteroid Preservation and Taxonomic Approachessupporting

confidence: 66%

A new asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Morocco

Blake

Reboul²

2011

J. Paleontol.

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An asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule of four taxa representing three surviving families and a probable fourth is described from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) of Morocco, northwest Africa. The four together suggest limited morphologic evolution since the Cretaceous but biogeographic and depth patterns have changed. Marocaster coronatus n. gen. n. sp. (Valvatida, Goniasteridae) combines apparent derived features of the dorsal disk and superomarginal shape with more stemward expressions of the abactinal ossicles. Betelgeusia orientalis n. sp. is a fourth Mesozoic occurrence of the Radiasteridae (Paxillosida), the new species similar to earlier occurrences from the Middle Jurassic of India, the Early Cretaceous of Texas, and the Late Cretaceous of Europe. Reported modern occurrences of the family are few, widely scattered, and limited to deeper water; the extinct species together testify to a once-broader familial distribution. Dipsacaster africanus n. sp., a member of the Astropectinidae (Paxillosida), is remarkably similar to extant congeners. Dipsacaster today is widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean but occurrences in the Atlantic are few. Because of preservation, a single small specimen of the Zoroasteridae? (Forcipulatida) cannot be identified with certainty. Extant zoroasterids are deep-water in distribution, although shallow-water Eocene representatives are known.

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Section: Betelgeusia Asteroid Preservation and Taxonomic Approachessupporting

confidence: 66%

A new asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Morocco

Blake

Reboul²

2011

J. Paleontol.

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“…Proportionate size reduction eases intrusion and irregularity of arrangement of ossicles, and it can reflect changing ossicular function sensu O'Neil (1989). Partial abactinal intercalation is also known in the extant Mithrodidae and the fossil Trichasteropsiidae (Blake and Hagdorn 2003). The interpretation suggested here does not enable ready assignment of individual ossicles to series in Asterodiscides, although more complete growth series should help.…”

Section: Aspects Of Morphology Of the Asterodiscididaementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Consistent morphological expressions useful for marginal recognition are not easily identified (Blake and Hagdorn 2003;Blake and Elliott 2003). As seems at least implicit in the publications of earlier workers, regardless of other criteria, marginal ossicle series always arise immediately proximal to the terminal (Blake 1978).…”

Section: Aspects Of Morphology Of the Asterodiscididaementioning

confidence: 94%

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Kionaster petersonae, n. gen. and sp. (Asteroidea), the first fossil occurrence of the Asterodiscididae, from the Miocene of Florida

Blake

Portell

2010

Swiss J Palaeontol

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Kionaster petersonae, n. gen. and sp., from the Miocene Chipola Formation of Florida, is the first-known fossil member of the extant family Asterodiscididae Rowe. Although abactinal and marginal expressions clearly serve to distinguish the Asterodiscididae, the family was recognized only relatively recently, in part perhaps because assigned genera are few and these occur in traditionally less heavily collected areas. The original inferred presence of reduced numbers of marginal ossicles in the family is rejected. Phylogenetic analysis suggests close affinities between asterodiscidids and Goniaster L. Agassiz, 1836 (Goniasteridae). Kionaster appears closest to the eastern Pacific asterodiscidids rather than Asterodiscides itself, which is widely distributed farther west in the Pacific. Distinctive characters of Kionaster suggest a once-greater diversity within the family. Although data are limited, morphologic similarities and biogeographic distributions suggest familial origin in a low-latitude Western Hemisphere setting and the Atlantic Ocean prior to the closing of the Isthmus of Panama.

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“…However Blake [4], [6] has emphasized that even those tree topologies that incorporate available fossils depends on the sampling of a scanty fossil record. It is important to note that divergence might be such that the common ancestor of all surviving asteroids would no more be assignable to a surviving taxon grouping below the class level than is the early Paleozoic common ancestor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Diversity and Phylogeny of the Asteroidea (Echinodermata)

2012

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Members of the Asteroidea (phylum Echinodermata), popularly known as starfish or sea stars, are ecologically important and diverse members of marine ecosystems in all of the world's oceans. We present a comprehensive overview of diversity and phylogeny as they have figured into the evolution of the Asteroidea from Paleozoic to the living fauna. Living post-Paleozoic asteroids, the Neoasteroidea, are morphologically separate from those in the Paleozoic. Early Paleozoic asteroid faunas were diverse and displayed morphology that foreshadowed later living taxa. Preservation presents significant difficulties, but fossil occurrence and current accounts suggests a diverse Paleozoic fauna, which underwent extinction around the Permian-Triassic interval was followed by re-diversification of at least one surviving lineage. Ongoing phylogenetic classification debates include the status of the Paxillosida and the Concentricycloidea. Fossil and molecular evidence has been and continues to be part of the ongoing evolution of asteroid phylogenetic research. The modern lineages of asteroids include the Valvatacea, the Forcipulatacea, the Spinlosida, and the Velatida. We present an overview of diversity in these taxa, as well as brief notes on broader significance, ecology, and functional morphology of each. Although much asteroid taxonomy is stable, many new taxa remain to be discovered with many new species currently awaiting description. The Goniasteridae is currently one of the most diverse families within the Asteroidea. New data from molecular phylogenetics and the advent of global biodiversity databases, such as the World Asteroidea Database (http://www.marinespecies.org/Asteroidea/) present important new springboards for understanding the global biodiversity and evolution of asteroids.

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The Asteroidea (Echinodermata) of the Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic of Germany)

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

A new asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Morocco

A new asteroid (Echinodermata) faunule from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of Morocco

Kionaster petersonae, n. gen. and sp. (Asteroidea), the first fossil occurrence of the Asterodiscididae, from the Miocene of Florida

Global Diversity and Phylogeny of the Asteroidea (Echinodermata)

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