The Associations of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence with Hypertension in South African Women

Nguyen, Kim Anh; Abrahams, Naeemah; Jewkes, Rachel; Mhlongo, Shibe; Seedat, Soraya; Myers, Bronwyn; Lombard, Carl; Garcia-Moreno, Claudı́a; Chirwa, Esnat; Kengne, André Pascal; Peer, Nasheeta

doi:10.3390/ijerph19074026

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A total of 569 potentially eligible titles and abstracts across databases were screened and after excluding duplicates and those that did not meet this eligibility criteria, included 20 [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] studies for data extraction and analysis (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexual and gender-based violence encompasses various acts such as sexual assault, rape, intimate partner violence, and harmful traditional practices, all of which have severe physical and psychological consequences for women [9,11,12]. The sub-Saharan Africa region has witnessed numerous cases of SGBV perpetrated against vulnerable populations, such as women, children, refugees, and individuals with disabilities, with devastating impacts on their well-being and overall quality of life [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injuries and /or trauma due to sexual gender-based violence among survivors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review of research evidence

Kuupiel,

Lateef,

Adzordor

et al. 2024

Arch Public Health

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Background Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a prevalent issue in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), causing injuries and trauma with severe consequences for survivors. This scoping review aimed to explore the range of research evidence on injuries and trauma resulting from SGBV among survivors in SSA and identify research gaps. Methods The review employed the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework, conducting extensive literature searches across multiple electronic databases using keywords, Boolean operators, medical subject heading terms and manual searches of reference lists. It included studies focusing on injuries and trauma from SGBV, regardless of gender or age, published between 2012 and 2023, and involved an SSA countries. Two authors independently screened articles, performed data extraction and quality appraisal, with discrepancies resolved through discussions or a third author. Descriptive analysis and narrative synthesis were used to report the findings. Results After screening 569 potentially eligible articles, 20 studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Of the 20 included studies, most were cross-sectional studies (n = 15; 75%) from South Africa (n = 11; 55%), and involved women (n = 15; 75%). The included studies reported significant burden of injuries and trauma resulting from SGBV, affecting various populations, including sexually abused children, married women, visually impaired women, refugees, and female students. Factors associated with injuries and trauma included the duration of abuse, severity of injuries sustained, marital status, family dynamics, and timing of incidents. SGBV had a significant impact on mental health, leading to post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideations, and psychological trauma. Survivors faced challenges in accessing healthcare and support services, particularly in rural areas, with traditional healers sometimes providing the only mental health care available. Disparities were observed between urban and rural areas in the prevalence and patterns of SGBV, with rural women experiencing more repeated sexual assaults and non-genital injuries. Conclusion This scoping review highlights the need for targeted interventions to address SGBV and its consequences, improve access to healthcare and support services, and enhance mental health support for survivors. Further research is required to fill existing gaps and develop evidence-based strategies to mitigate the impact of SGBV on survivors in SSA.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries and /or trauma due to sexual gender-based violence among survivors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review of research evidence

Kuupiel,

Lateef,

Adzordor

et al. 2024

Arch Public Health

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“…Understanding the relationship between these two burdens is imperative for early screening and interventions to prevent the development of CMD. However, there have been no prospective studies examining the link between childhood and adulthood abuse and CMD in young South African women [18,19]. Accordingly, this study tested the hypothesis that exposures to abuse in childhood and adulthood were associated with poor CMD outcomes such as raised body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and abnormal lipids pro les over a 3-year period among 18-40-year-old women exposed versus unexposed to rape at baseline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to abuse and changes in cardiometabolic risk profiles over 3 years in young South African women

Nguyen,

Kengne,

Nqebelele

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: South African women experience high rates of abuse and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), but research on their relationship is less investigated. This study examined the associations of exposure to abuse in childhood and adulthood with CMD risk factors [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), HbA1c] over three years among baseline rape-exposed and rape-unexposed women aged 18-40 years. Methods: In longitudinal analyses of baseline-rape-exposed and rape-unexposed women from the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study; the associations of CMD risk factors with self-reported exposures to childhood abuse (CA) (any, sexual, physical, emotional CA and parental neglect), intimate partner violence (IPV) (any, sexual, physical, emotional and economic IPV), non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) were explored using linear mixed-effects models, with the inclusion of the interaction term, ‘abuse/trauma*rape-exposed’. Results: CMD data were collected at baseline (N=1617; mean age 25.3 years), 12 (N=1178), 24 (N=925) and 36 months (N=571). Any CA and greater frequency of physical CA were associated with rising BMI over 3 years of follow-up, with no evidence of an interaction effect of baseline rape exposure (p≥0.057 for all interaction tests). Exposure to more than one episode of NPSV was associated with lower WC and BMI, but not other CMD risk variables. Exposures to IPV were not associated with changes in the variables investigated. There was no evidence of a significant interaction effect between baseline rape exposure and lifetime abuse exposure for any of the associations examined (p≥0.095 for all interaction tests), except for WC-sexual CA (p=0.010 for interaction test). Conclusions: This prospective analysis demonstrated that CA experiences were associated with increased BMI levels over 3 years of follow-up in young South African women. Further research over a longer period is required to clearly delineate the effect of rape exposure on CMDs.

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“…South Africa takes fourth place globally in terms of excessive acts of gendered violence (Yesufu 2022 :96), and this is an extremely concerning position the country finds itself in. Of the various types of gender-based violence (GBV), intimate partner violence (IPV) is a considerably rampant type of GBV (Nguyen et al 2022 :2), and has been found to affect 20% to 50% of women in South Africa (Sere, Roman & Ruiter 2021 :2). The high levels of underreporting make it difficult to determine the exact figures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Hard-pressed on every side’: Christian women’s experiences of intimate partner violence in two provinces of South Africa

Nevhutanda,

Rakhudu,

Makhado

2023

Health SA Gesondheid

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Background Women in South Africa are battling the scourge of intimate partner violence (IPV), and men are usually responsible. Despite this, no studies have been carried out to specifically explore and describe Christian women’s IPV first-hand experiences in the Limpopo and Gauteng provinces. Aim This study explored and described lived experiences with regard to IPV among women attending Pentecostal churches in Limpopo and Gauteng provinces. Setting The study was conducted in the Makhado Local Municipality, City of Tshwane and Johannesburg metropolitan municipalities. Methods The study utilised a qualitative research method, using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Sampling was purposeful. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted to collect data among women attending Pentecostal churches in Limpopo and Gauteng provinces. Data saturation was achieved after 10 survivors were interviewed. Results Two themes surfaced from the analysis: the experience of various forms of IPV by survivors and the hardships survivors encountered when seeking help after IPV. Conclusion In spite of the salient role Christian belief played in survivors’ lives, the expected support from family, pastors and law enforcement officers after disclosing IPV was non-existent. The survivors were stranded, frustrated and displayed symptoms of depression and anxiety. Contribution This study revealed survivors’ need for comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary collaborative support by strengthening partnerships with church leaders to protect Christian women against IPV.

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The Associations of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence with Hypertension in South African Women

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Injuries and /or trauma due to sexual gender-based violence among survivors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review of research evidence

Injuries and /or trauma due to sexual gender-based violence among survivors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review of research evidence

Exposure to abuse and changes in cardiometabolic risk profiles over 3 years in young South African women

‘Hard-pressed on every side’: Christian women’s experiences of intimate partner violence in two provinces of South Africa

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