The Associations between Meat Group Consumption and Acute Myocardial Infarction Risks in an Iranian Population: a Case-Control Study

Abstract

Acute myocardial infraction (AMI) is a highly frequent cause of mortality and disability around the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between meat group intake levels and AMI risks in an adult Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on 200 first AMI cases and 200 healthy individuals matched by age, sex, and body mass index. A Food Frequency Questionnaire validated for Iranian populations was used to assess usual dietary intake levels over the previous year. Data was extracted regarding the meat group—including meat (red and processed), fish, poultry, eggs, nuts, and legumes. The associations between meat group items and AMI were calculated by multivariable logistic regression. Red meat consumption was significantly positively associated with increased risk of AMI. After adjustment for potential confounders, a positive association was found between higher frequency of processed and red meat intake, and increased risk of AMI (processed meat consumption: odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–2.23 and red meat consumption: OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.84–5.11). In addition, the results indicated an inverse association between the frequency of nuts consumption and AMI (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31–0.92). There were no associations seen between poultry, fish, eggs and beans intake levels, and the odds of AMI. The current study suggested a direct association between the frequency of processed/red meat consumption and increased AMI risks. In addition, an inverse relation was observed between frequency of nuts consumption and the risks of AMI.

Diet-Attributable Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica Heart Study

“…Also, we showed that red meat is the driver of the diet-attributable GHGEs among our population. Therefore, our positive association between diet-attributable GHGEs and MI could be explained in light of the existing literature associating red meat consumption with cardiovascular diseases [37][38][39][40][41] and plant-based diet with favorable cardiovascular outcomes [58][59][60][61][62]. However, we acknowledge the lack of consideration of the control for temperature variability across seasons and years in the current analysis because existing knowledge has shown that climate change itself has negative health consequences [63][64][65], including cardiovascular outcomes [65][66][67][68][69] and MI [70][71][72][73].…”

“…Therefore, we analyzed the associations between a sustainable diet, assessed using diet-attributable GHGEs, and myocardial infarction (MI) among the Costa Rica Heart Study’s participants between 1994 and 2004. We hypothesized a positive relationship between the risk of acute MI and diet-attributable GHGEs because red meat is a driver of diet-attributable GHGEs [ 4 ] and has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. If our hypothesis is confirmed, our findings will further support the potential of individual food choices to confer health and environmental benefits in a middle-income country.…”

The Application of Crisis Intervention in Middle-Aged and Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after PCI

“…(4) Hope level: It is evaluated by Herth Hope Scale, which consists of three items and 12 items, with 1-4 points for each item and a total score of 12-48 points. The higher the score, the higher the hope level [Poursafar 2019]. SPSS22.0 was used for statistical analysis.…”