The association of the appetitive peptide acetylated ghrelin with alcohol craving in early abstinent alcohol dependent individuals

Koopmann, Anne; Goltz, Christoph von der; Grosshans, Martin; Dinter, Christina; Vitale, M.; Wiedemann, Klaus; Kiefer, Falk

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.005

Cited by 87 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However as previously observed, Leggio et al (2012) found ghrelin levels were elevated in abstinent individuals over time. Another study has also supported these findings by demonstrating that plasma acyl-ghrelin levels slightly increased during abstinence (0–14 days) (Koopmann et al, 2012). However, there are studies that contradict these findings by showing decreased total ghrelin levels in abstinent alcohol dependents (Wurst et al, 2007; de Timary et al, 2012).…”

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…There are also a number studies supporting a role for ghrelin in alcohol craving in humans (Addolorato et al, 2006; Koopmann et al, 2012; Leggio et al, 2012). Total plasma ghrelin levels were positively correlated with craving as determined by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) in actively drinking alcohol dependents (Addolorato et al, 2006).…”

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders

et al. 2014

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Peptides synthesized in endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and neurons are traditionally considered regulators of metabolism, energy intake, and appetite. However, recent work has demonstrated that many of these peptides act on corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and, in turn, regulate addictive behaviors. Given that alcohol is a source of energy and an addictive substance, it is not surprising that increasing evidence supports a role for gut-brain peptides specifically in alcohol use disorders (AUD). In this review, we discuss the effects of several gut-brain peptides on alcohol-related behaviors and the potential mechanisms by which these gut-brain peptides may interfere with alcohol-induced changes in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry. This review provides a summary of current knowledge on gut-brain peptides focusing on five peptides: neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, substance P, and neuropeptide Y. Our review will be helpful to develop novel therapeutic targets for AUD.

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Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders

et al. 2014

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“…Indeed, high plasma levels of ghrelin have been observed in abstinent alcoholics (Kim et al., 2005; Kraus et al., 2005) and have been associated with high craving scores in alcoholics (Addolorato et al., 2006; Hillemacher et al., 2007; Koopmann et al., 2012; Leggio et al., 2012). In addition, a recent longitudinal study showed that ghrelin levels increase when alcoholics abstain, while ghrelin levels decrease when alcoholics relapse in drinking (Leggio et al., 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this needs to be further elucidated. The findings that the cholinergic–dopaminergic reward link is activated by pharmacological‐induced hyperghrelinemia (Jerlhag, 2008; Jerlhag et al., 2012) and that elevated ghrelin levels associated with craving (Addolorato et al., 2006; Koopmann et al., 2012; Leggio et al., 2012), may imply that high plasma levels of ghrelin may be needed for reward interactions. Supportively, animal studies show that hyperghrelinemia is associated with cocaine seeking and that peripheral ghrelin administration augments the cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference and locomotor stimulation (Clifford et al., 2012; Davis et al., 2007; Tessari et al., 2007; Wellman et al., 2005, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripherally Circulating Ghrelin Does Not Mediate Alcohol‐Induced Reward and Alcohol Intake in Rodents

Jerlhag

Ivanoff

Vater

et al. 2014

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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BackgroundDevelopment of alcohol dependence, a chronic and relapsing disease, largely depends on the effects of alcohol on the brain reward systems. By elucidating the mechanisms involved in alcohol use disorder, novel treatment strategies may be developed. Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A, acts as an important regulator of energy balance. Recently ghrelin and its receptor were shown to mediate alcohol reward and to control alcohol consumption in rodents. However, the role of central versus peripheral ghrelin for alcohol reward needs to be elucidated.MethodsGiven that ghrelin mainly is produced by peripheral organs, the present study was designed to investigate the role of circulating endogenous ghelin for alcohol reward and for alcohol intake in rodents.ResultsWe showed that the Spiegelmer NOX‐B11‐2, which binds and neutralizes acylated ghrelin in the periphery with high affinity and thus prevents its brain access, does not attenuate the alcohol‐induced locomotor activity, accumbal dopamine release and expression of conditioned place preference in mice. Moreover, NOX‐B11‐2 does not affect alcohol intake using the intermittent access 20% alcohol 2‐bottle‐choice drinking paradigm in rats, suggesting that circulating ghrelin does not regulate alcohol intake or the rewarding properties of alcohol. In the present study, we showed however, that NOX‐B11‐2 reduced food intake in rats supporting a role for circulating ghrelin as physiological regulators of food intake. Moreover, NOX‐B11‐2 did not affect the blood alcohol concentration in mice.ConclusionsCollectively, the past and present studies suggest that central, rather than peripheral, ghrelin signaling may be a potential target for pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence.

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“…Although there are several preclinical and clinical studies investigating the influence of acute and chronic alcohol consumption on the ghrelin plasma concentration [39,40,41,42,43], research on the effect of nicotine on ghrelin plasma concentrations is limited and the results are inconclusive. Ypsilantis et al [30] found in a preclinical study with male wistar rats that plasma levels of total ghrelin did not change during 8 weeks of cigarette smoking exposure and in the first 7 weeks after smoking cessation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin

et al. 2015

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Background: Weight gain is a common but only a partially understood consequence of smoking cessation. Existing data suggest modulating effects of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin on food intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tobacco withdrawal on plasma concentration of acetylated and total ghrelin. Methods: Fifty four normal-weighted smokers and 30 non-smoking healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Concentrations of acetylated and total ghrelin were measured in blood plasma drawn two hours after a standardized meal and three hours after the smokers smoked their last cigarette. The severity of tobacco addiction was assessed based on cotinine plasma concentration, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Results: The plasma concentration of acetylated ghrelin, but not total ghrelin, was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Moreover, we found significant negative correlations between acetylated ghrelin and all measures of the severity of nicotine dependence. Conclusions: Early abstinence from tobacco smoking seems to be associated with increased plasma concentration of the orexigenic peptide acetylated ghrelin. This could be one reason for increased food craving during nicotine withdrawal and subsequent weight gain. Smokers might compensate these effects by increasing tobacco intake.

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The association of the appetitive peptide acetylated ghrelin with alcohol craving in early abstinent alcohol dependent individuals

Cited by 87 publications

References 30 publications

Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders

Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders

Peripherally Circulating Ghrelin Does Not Mediate Alcohol‐Induced Reward and Alcohol Intake in Rodents

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin

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