The Association of Surgical Setting With Opioid Prescribing Patterns Following Wide-Awake Trigger Finger Release

Abstract

Introduction Wide-awake and office-based hand surgeries are increasingly common. The association of these techniques with postoperative pain and pain control has garnered recent attention. A prior study demonstrated that office-based trigger finger release (TFR) were associated with decreased perioperative opioid prescriptions compared to those performed in the operating room. The current study provides an in-depth analysis of the association between surgical setting and perioperative opioid prescriptions for wide-awake TFR. Methods Patients undergoing TFR between 2010 and 2021 were identified in PearlDiver, a national administrative claims database. Exclusion criteria were age <18 years, <6 months of preoperative data, <1 month of postoperative data, bilateral TFR, and concomitant hand surgery. To identify wide-awake cases, patients with procedural codes for general anesthesia, monitored anesthesia care, sedation and regional blocks were excluded. Patients were stratified by surgical setting (office or operating room), then matched based on age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score, and geographic region. Patients with prior opioid prescriptions, opioid dependence, opioid abuse, substance use disorder, chronic back/neck pain, generalized anxiety, and major depression were identified. Perioperative opioid prescriptions (those filled within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery) were characterized. Results There were 16,604 matched wide-awake TFR patients in each cohort. In the cohort of office-based patients, 4,993 (30%) filled a prescription for perioperative opioids, in contrast to 8,763 (53%) patients who underwent surgery in the operating room. This disparity was statistically significant in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Univariate analysis indicated that office-based surgeries were linked to lower morphine milligram equivalents (MME) in opioid prescriptions than those performed in operating rooms (median of 140 vs 150, respectively). However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that opioid prescriptions for office-based surgeries were actually associated with greater MME. Conclusions Patients undergoing office-based TFR were less likely to fill perioperative opioid prescriptions but were prescribed opioids with greater MME. In wide-awake TFR, it appears that a disparity may exist in patient and provider beliefs about postoperative pain control. Future patient- and provider-level investigations may produce insights into perceptions of postoperative pain and pain control, which may be useful for reducing opioid prescriptions across surgical settings.