The association of surgical drains with surgical site infections – A prospective observational study

Outcomes of Exploratory Laparotomy and Abdominal Infections Among Combat Casualties

“…Although drains are often placed in an effort to prevent abscess formation or evacuate body fluid, they may paradoxically actually lead to SSI via bacterial migration along the surface of this foreign body into the body cavity. [42][43][44] Recent data have shown an increased rate of SSI with drain placement. Nevertheless, the argument can be made that drain placement may itself be a marker of more severe contamination and, thus, an inherently higher risk of SSI.…”

“…Nevertheless, the argument can be made that drain placement may itself be a marker of more severe contamination and, thus, an inherently higher risk of SSI. [42][43][44] The limits of our retrospective review made it difficult to ascertain drain use, especially with the high incidence of postoperative open abdomens.…”

Determinants of superficial surgical site infections in abdominal surgeries at a Rural Teaching Hospital in Central India: A prospective study

“…[26] In addition, use of drains has been reported to be associated with increased risk of SSI, which was confirmed by this study. [927]…”

Effective drain care and management in community settings

“…In palliative care settings, complications such as site leakage and discharge, infection, erythema, pain, dislodgement, abnormal white blood cells and sleep interruption have been noted (Brown et al 2014, Narayanan et al 2014. A variety of factors may influence the risk of drain-related complications, including: patient comorbidities; the length of surgery; the number, type and anatomical position of drains; and the length of time the drain is in situ (Yılmaz et al 2014, Chim et al 2016, Mujagic et al 2019.…”