The Association of Sleep Duration and the Use of Electronic Cigarettes, NHANES, 2015-2016

Abstract

Introduction. The unknown effects of electronic cigarettes are public health concerns. One potential effect of electronic cigarette fluid constituents, such as nicotine, may influence sleep. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an association between sleep duration and electronic cigarette use. Methods. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. Variables of interest included responses to questions concerning electronic cigarette use, hours of sleep, and other variables associated with sleep. Data analyses were conducted with the Rao-Scott chi square test and logistic regression. Results. This study was conducted on 2889 participants, aged 18-65 years, of whom 50.7% were female. Using a bivariate analyses of electronic cigarette usage and sleep duration, participants who never used an electronic cigarette were more likely to have appropriate sleep durations as compared with participants who were currently using electronic cigarettes (P<0.0001). After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and cigarette smoking, current electronic cigarette use was associated with higher odds of less sleep duration (adjusted odds ratio=1.82; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.79; P=0.0075). Conclusions. Participants currently using electronic cigarettes are more likely to have less sleep as compared to participants who have never used electronic cigarettes. Implications. With sleep time duration being a major factor for proper body function and repair, this study can serve as confirmation that the use of electronic cigarettes is not a harmless health behavior.

Sleep deprivation and adolescent susceptibility to vaping in the United States

“…The addictive nature of nicotine is well established, and higher doses of nicotine are related to higher likelihoods of experiencing addiction and withdrawal symptoms ( Benowitz & Henningfield, 1994 ). Previous studies assessing the effects of stimulatory reactions to nicotine on sleep support the assumption that ENDS use contributes to sleep deprivation ( Wiener et al, 2020 , Mathews and Stitzel, 2019 ). However, few studies have examined the association between ENDS use and sleep deprivation, and even fewer have studied the association among adolescents.…”

“…While studies have found similar associations between lack of sleep and ENDS use among adolescents ( Brett et al, 2020 , Riehm et al, 2019 , Kianersi et al, 2021 ), the directionality of this association has yet to be clearly established. Abounding evidence suggests that nicotine, as a stimulant, negatively affects sleep ( Wiener et al, 2020 , Mathews and Stitzel, 2019 ); however, lack of sleep may also affect the likelihood that someone initiates ENDS use in the first place ( Wiener et al, 2020 ).…”

Dual use of e-cigarettes with conventional tobacco is associated with increased sleep latency in cross-sectional Study

“…In conclusion, we conducted this social media platform-based, reward-incentivized, anonymous research survey to determine whether dual users have worsened sleep quality and cough. While other studies have revealed an association between e-cigarettes or conventional tobacco and sleep disturbances 11 , 16 , 28 , there is little research on how dual usage, which is an increasingly common pattern of nicotine usage 17 , can impact these health outcomes. As a result, the objective of this larger study (1198 participants) across age groups was to assess whether inhalant use patterns were associated with alterations in sleep quality, cough, and drug use.…”

“…Women also have more profound nicotine-induced acid reflux 14 which can lead to poorer sleep quality. Due to these factors, one of the aims of our study was to determine if sex may play a role in susceptibility to the known sleep-disrupting effects of nicotine 15 , 16 . Also, since e-cigarette users most commonly use e-cigarette devices in conjunction with conventional tobacco cigarettes, dual users are a key population to study 17 .…”

Assessment of the association of bruxism with caffeine consumption and nicotine intake

“…Smoking is associated with sleep-related issues. Some studies pointed out that people using electronic cigarettes are more likely to have less sleep than those who have never used electronic cigarettes (11). Many e-cigarettes contain high amounts of nicotine.…”