The association of serum leptin with the reduction of food intake and body weight during electroacupuncture in rats

Kim, Sun Kwang; Lee, Giseog; Shin, Marie; Han, Jae-Bok; Moon, Hak Jin; Park, Jung Hyuk; Kim, Kye Jin; Ha, Joohun; Park, Dong Suk; Min, Byung-Il

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.01.002

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In line with these observations, we demonstrated that low-frequency EA decreases mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in mesenteric adipose tissue of rats with DHTinduced PCOS (52). In studies not related to PCOS, daily low-frequency EA treatment for 4 wk in rats and humans reduced food intake and weight (6,37). EA treatment has also been shown to improve lipid profile in mice (41) and humans (7).…”

Section: E556supporting

confidence: 71%

Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Johansson

Feng

Shao

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299: E551-E559, 2010. First published July 27, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00323.2010.-Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, possibly reflecting defects in skeletal muscle and adipocyte insulin signaling. Low-frequency (2 Hz) electroacupuncture (EA) increases insulin sensitivity in female rats with dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that low-frequency EA regulates mediators involved in skeletal muscle glucose uptake and metabolism and alters the lipid profile in rats with DHT-induced PCOS. To test this hypothesis, we implanted in prepubescent female rats 90-day continuousrelease pellets containing DHT (PCOS). At 70 days of age, the rats were randomly subdivided into two groups: one received lowfrequency EA (evoking muscle twitches) for 20 -25 min five times/wk for 4 -5 wk; the other did not. Controls were implanted with pellets containing vehicle only. All three groups were otherwise handled similarly. Lipid profile was measured in fasting blood samples. Insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, soleus muscle protein expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated Akt, and Akt substrate of 160 kDa was determined by Western blot analysis and GLUT4 location by immunofluorescence staining. PCOS EA rats had normalized insulin sensitivity, lower levels of total high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased expression of GLUT4 in different compartments of skeletal muscle compared with PCOS rats. Total weight and body composition did not differ in the groups. Thus, in rats with DHT-induced PCOS, low-frequency EA has systemic and local effects involving intracellular signaling pathways in muscle that may, at least in part, account for the marked improved insulin sensitivity.acupuncture; glucose transporter 4; insulin resistance; muscle contraction; skeletal muscle HYPERANDROGENEMIA IS THE MOST PROMINENT endocrine phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (56) in addition to ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovary morphology (3). The main metabolic phenotype is hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which are independent of body weight (19,40). Other metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance are obesity, dyslipidemia, and increased risk for type 2 diabetes.The mechanisms for the association between endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in PCOS are unclear (13, 18). PCOS is characterized by clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism. In female rats and humans, exogenous exposure to testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) leads to insulin resistance and obesity (4,14,17,22,50,58). The insulin resistance in women with PCOS is associated with a dyslipidemia characterized by low levels of high...

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Section: E556supporting

confidence: 71%

Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Johansson

Feng

Shao

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…A study by Cabioðlu and Ergene of 20 women, who received both auricular and body acupuncture, showed a decrease in leptin levels. 20 Kim et al using electroacupuncture of 100 Hz on normal rats fed freely showed an increase in leptin levels, 24 but a study by You and Hung on obese rats demonstrated a fall in leptin levels. 25 Carlson et al studied normal and severely obese women and demonstrated higher serum leptin levels and lower plasma ghrelin levels in the severely obese women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Acupuncture on Leptin, Ghrelin, Insulin and Cholecystokinin in Obese Women: A Randomised, Sham-Controlled Preliminary Trial

et al. 2012

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Background Obesity is an energy balance problem caused by overeating. Obesity treatment includes diet, exercise, behaviour treatment, pharmacotherapy and surgery; in addition, acupuncture is also an option. Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on weight loss and whether a brief acupuncture treatment of 5 weeks can change circulating levels of leptin, ghrelin, insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in obese women. Methods 40 women with a body mass index (BMI)>30 kg/m 2 were equally randomised to either an acupuncture group or a sham (nonpenetrating) acupuncture group and received treatment at LI4, HT7, ST36, ST44 and SP6 bilaterally. Both groups had two sessions of 20 min/week for a total of 10 sessions. Serum insulin, leptin, plasma ghrelin and CCK levels were measured by ELISA. Results Acupuncture treatment decreased insulin and leptin levels and induced weight loss, together with a decrease in BMI compared with sham acupuncture. Furthermore, between-group analyses demonstrated increases in plasma ghrelin and CCK levels in subjects who received acupuncture treatment. Conclusion These fi ndings suggest that acupuncture may help to regulate weight owing to its benefi cial effects on hormones such as insulin, leptin, ghrelin and CCK in obese subjects even after a few weeks of treatment. INTRODUCTIONObesity is a common health problem faced mostly in developed countries such as USA, Canada, Australia, and European countries but rates are increasing for developing countries as well. 1 The risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and sleep apnoea are greater for overweight (body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m 2 ) and obese (BMI>30 kg/m 2 ) individuals.2 There are various treatment options in practice such as diet therapy, regulation of physical activities, behaviour treatment, pharmacotherapy, surgical procedures and acupuncture.Acupuncture is one of the treatment options in traditional Chinese medicine for a wide array of conditions and gaining attention in modern medicine. Acupuncture is thought to have been practised for several thousand years in China.3 Nowadays, even modern clinics use it for the treatment of various conditions such as obesity. NIH consensus conference statement (1998) on acupuncture stated that acupuncture shows promising results for several conditions. 4Classic acupuncture points targeted in the treatment of obesity are Neiguan (P6),5 Besides these body points, there are also two points, generally targeted for appetite control, on the ear. In addition, to these generally recognised acupoints, an acupuncturist may use different points depending on his/her own experience. 4 The evidence for the effect of acupuncture on weight loss is mixed: readers can fi nd both supporting 6 7 and refuting [8][9][10] data.Ghrelin is produced by P/D1 cells in the stomach, 11 12 increases with hunger and decreases with satiety.13 Leptin, one of the products of adipose tissue, passes through the blood-brain barrier and reduces appetite.14 Ghrelin and leptin can be called coun...

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“…49 With regard to leptin, 100 Hz EA applied to nonobese rats for 4 weeks produced a significant increase in leptin levels. 36 In contrast, EA was shown to reduce leptin levels, in parallel with its weight loss effect, in experimental models of obesity. 35 38 40 Furthermore, when EA or sibutramine were administered using a rat obesity model, serum leptin levels decreased more in the EA group than in the sibutramine group.…”

Section: Effects On Obesity-related Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, three studies reported weight reduction after EA in rats that were not initially obese. 33 36 45 In one study 2 Hz EA administered once every other day in lean rats subjected to long-term food restriction produced additional reduction in body weight, 33 in a second study 100 Hz EA applied to ad libitum fed normal rats decreased food intake and body weight, 36 and in a third study 100 Hz EA resulted in weight loss (−3.3%) and suppression of abstinence syndrome in rats rendered dependent on morphine while 2 Hz EA did not. 45 On the other hand, body weight did not change in a rat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model characterised by insulin resistance and adiposity following 2 Hz EA for 4-5 weeks.…”

Section: Effects On Body Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture in the Treatment of Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature

et al. 2013

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Obesity is one of the leading health risk factors worldwide and is associated with several other risk factors and health problems including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and malignancies. Current conventional therapeutic strategies for obesity cannot achieve adequate weight control in all patients, so complementary types of treatment are also performed. Acupuncture, one of the oldest healing practices, represents the most rapidly growing complementary therapy which is recognised by both the National Institutes of Health and the WHO. A previous review concluded that acupuncture was superior to lifestyle advice, to sham acupuncture and to conventional medication. In this narrative review, the possible mechanisms of actions and the results of recent experimental and clinical studies with different forms of acupuncture (eg, body, auricular, manual and electroacupuncture) are presented. In particular, the effects of acupuncture on anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers are discussed. Both experimental and clinical current data suggest that acupuncture exerts beneficial effects on the mechanisms of obesity. Some data suggest that electroacupuncture may be more effective than manual acupuncture; however, the most effective frequency remains controversial. Combination of different forms of acupuncture with diet and exercise seems to be necessary for achieving and maintaining weight loss. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to establish the effectiveness of this complementary method for obesity treatment.

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The association of serum leptin with the reduction of food intake and body weight during electroacupuncture in rats

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Intense electroacupuncture normalizes insulin sensitivity, increases muscle GLUT4 content, and improves lipid profile in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

Influence of Acupuncture on Leptin, Ghrelin, Insulin and Cholecystokinin in Obese Women: A Randomised, Sham-Controlled Preliminary Trial

Acupuncture in the Treatment of Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature

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