The Association of Self‐Esteem with Individual and Contextual Levels of Social Capital: Evidence from a Multilevel Analysis*

Abstract

Objectives. To examine how much variance of self-esteem is attributable to the administrative-area level and whether the individual or administrative-area level of social capital variables is associated with self-esteem after controlling for control variables at multiple levels using multilevel analysis. Methods. The data are from the 2010 (Wave 2) Seoul Welfare Panel Study conducted by the Seoul Welfare Foundation. The final sample for the current study yielded a total of 5,934 individuals nested in 2,847 households within 25 administrative areas. Results. The results indicate that 7.1 percent of variation in self-esteem is attributed to administrative areas. Perceived helpfulness, organizational participation, and volunteer work were positively associated with self-esteem at the individual level. Among the administrative-area-level social capital variables, only perceived helpfulness was positively associated with self-esteem. Conclusion. The results of this study partially support one underlying, though yet unproven, hypothesis that social capital is linked to various psychological well-being outcomes through self-esteem. The results also indicated that social interventions including social capital to enhance one's self-esteem may not be efficient if directed solely at the administrative-area level, as a relatively small variation in self-esteem was attributed to this level.

Salesmanship: the influence of social networks on sales-service ambidexterity

“…Consequently, we followed Heavey et al (2015) to measure of the extensiveness of salespeople's external social networks by the extent to which salespeople participate in external social groups. And the specific items were from Han (2016). The respondents were asked to indicate whether had participated in any of the ten social groups or organizations (see Appendix).…”

C's Get Degrees and Degrees lead too…Healthier Mental Health? The Effect of Cultural and Social Capital on Mental Health

“…First generation graduates, can ameliorate their lack of social capital by fortifying their sense of moral advantage and taking advantage of the new opportunities for upward mobility (Lehmann 2009) as seen among low-income immigrant students (Crul et al 2017). Han (2016) suggests that positive interactions and links in community produce positive benefits, specifically higher self-esteem. Therefore, among individuals whose parents do not have a college degree, first-generation college graduates (FGCG) are more likely to report less days of poor mental health than respondents with no college degree.…”