The association of neighbourhood and individual social capital with consistent self-rated health: a longitudinal study in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women

Lamarca, G.A.; Leal, María do Carmo; Sheiham, Aubrey; Vettore, Mário Vianna

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-1

Cited by 213 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…However, this may reflect ease of use in completing particular sections, availability of equipment or participants understanding of the partograph, rather than the tool itself [3, 29–31]. Whilst some view the partograph as difficult or time consuming to complete [30, 32, 33], there is evidence that other, non-professional, cadres of staff can complete the partograph effectively [34, 35]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A realist review of the partograph: when and how does it work for labour monitoring?

Bedwell

Levin

Pett

et al. 2017

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundThe partograph (or partogram) is recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO), for monitoring labour wellbeing and progress. Concerns about limitations in the way the partograph is used in the clinical context and the potential impact on its effectiveness have led to this realist systematic review of partograph use.MethodsThis review aimed to answer two key questions, 1) What is it about the partograph that works (or does not work); for whom does it work; and in what circumstances? 2) What are the essential inputs required for the partograph to work? A comprehensive search strategy encompassed key databases; including papers of varying methodologies. Papers were selected for inclusion if the focus of the paper was the partograph and related to context, mechanism or outcome. Ninety five papers were included for data synthesis. Two authors completed data extraction and synthesis.ResultsThe evidence synthesis relates the evidence to identified theories of health worker acceptability, health system support, effective referral systems, human resources and health worker competence, highlighting barriers and facilitators.ConclusionsThis first comprehensive realist synthesis of the partograph, provides the international community of maternity clinicians with a picture of potential issues and solutions related to successful labour recording and management, which is also translatable to other monitoring approaches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A realist review of the partograph: when and how does it work for labour monitoring?

Bedwell

Levin

Pett

et al. 2017

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…13 Our findings regarding disparities in cesarean indication have been seen in other cohorts. For example, Edmonds et al demonstrated non-Hispanic black women experienced greater odds of cesarean delivery for fetal distress or failure to progress 9 and others have identified non-Hispanic black women were more likely to experience cesarean delivery for NRFS. 10,12 Yet, the reasons for these disparities in overall rate and indication remain unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Utilization of Labor Management Strategies Intended to Reduce Cesarean Delivery Rates

Yee¹,

Costantine²,

Rice³

et al. 2017

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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Objective To examine whether racial and ethnic differences exist in the frequency of and indications for cesarean delivery and to assess whether application of labor management strategies intended to reduce cesarean delivery rates is associated with patient’s race and ethnicity. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational obstetric cohort. Trained research personnel abstracted maternal and neonatal records of >115,000 pregnant women from 25 hospitals (2008–2011). Term women with singleton, nonanomalous, vertex, liveborn neonates were included in two cohorts: 1) nulliparous women (n=35,529) and 2) multiparous women with prior vaginal deliveries only (n=39,871). Women were grouped as non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and Asian. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the following outcomes: overall cesarean delivery frequency, indications for cesarean delivery, and utilization of labor management strategies intended to safely reduce cesarean delivery. Results A total of 75,400 women were eligible for inclusion, of whom 47% (N=35,529) were in the nulliparous cohort and 53% (N=39,871) in the multiparous cohort. The frequencies of cesarean delivery were 25.8% among nulliparous women and 6.0% among multiparous women. For nulliparous women, the unadjusted cesarean frequencies were 25.0%, 28.3%, 28.7%, and 24.0% for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Asian, and Hispanic women, respectively. Among nulliparous women, the adjusted odds of cesarean were higher in all racial and ethnic groups compared with non-Hispanic white women (non-Hispanic black aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.36–1.59; Asian aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.40; Hispanic aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.27), due to greater odds of cesarean delivery both for nonreassuring fetal status and labor dystocia. Nonapplication of labor management strategies regarding failed induction, arrest of dilation, arrest of descent, or cervical ripening did not contribute to increased odds of cesarean delivery for non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women. Compared with non-Hispanic white, Hispanic women were actually less likely to experience elective cesarean (aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42–0.87) or cesarean for arrest of dilation prior to 4 hours (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.92). Additionally, compared with non-Hispanic white, Asian women were more likely to experience cesarean for nonreassuring fetal status (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09–1.53) and to have had that cesarean be performed in the setting of a 1-minute Apgar score ≥7 (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.07–3.00). A similar trend was seen among multiparous women with prior vaginal deliveries. Conclusions Although racial and ethnic disparities exist in the frequency of cesarean delivery, differential use of labor management strategies intended to reduce the cesarean delivery rate does not appear to be associated with these racial–ethnic disparities.

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“…Mothers-in-law exercise control over available household resources and can prevent daughters-in-law from obtaining ANC (38). Since male involvement in maternity care is not common in Nepal (39), mothers-in-law are given more responsibility and authority for the care of pregnant women in the belief that they understand women’s issues including health problems and childbirth (40). In our study, mothers-in-law may force pregnant women to do physically hard work, deny or restrict food, and impede access to ANC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community perceptions on domestic violence against pregnant women in Nepal: a qualitative study

Pun

Infanti

Koju

et al. 2016

Global Health Action

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BackgroundGlobally, knowledge of health sector options to respond to domestic violence during pregnancy is increasing, but this topic is under-investigated in Nepal. This gap affects the provision of adequate antenatal care services and understanding of factors that influence women’s willingness and ability to use available services. It is critical to know more about the social norms in a community that promote and prevent women experiencing domestic violence from seeking antenatal care.ObjectiveTo explore community perceptions of domestic violence against pregnant women.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in Dhulikhel municipality, involving 41 men and 76 women in 12 focus group discussions in different gender and family role separated groups. The interviews were recorded, transcribed in verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. A socio-ecological model was used as a theoretical framework to illustrate linkages between individual, relationship, community, and societal influences on perceptions of domestic violence during pregnancy.ResultsThe community recognized different forms of violence during pregnancy threatening women’s physical and psychological health and presenting obstacles to seeking antenatal care. Some types of culturally specific violence were considered particularly harmful, such as pressure to give birth to sons, denial of food, and forcing pregnant women to do hard physical work during pregnancy, which may leave daughters-in-law vulnerable to domestic violence in extended families. A culture where violence is normalized and endurance and family reconciliation are promoted above individual health was perceived to cause women to tolerate and accept the situation. Participants suggested actions and strategies to address continuing violence, which indicated a societal transition toward increased awareness and changing attitudes and practices.ConclusionsDomestic violence during pregnancy needs to be addressed at different levels in Nepal, where women are often dependent on others for access to health care. Social norms were perceived to be shifting toward reduced acceptance of violence against women, but restrictions on women’s life options, movement, and decision-making authority were still considered impediments to pregnant women’s health.

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The association of neighbourhood and individual social capital with consistent self-rated health: a longitudinal study in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women

Cited by 213 publications

References 91 publications

A realist review of the partograph: when and how does it work for labour monitoring?

A realist review of the partograph: when and how does it work for labour monitoring?

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Utilization of Labor Management Strategies Intended to Reduce Cesarean Delivery Rates

Community perceptions on domestic violence against pregnant women in Nepal: a qualitative study

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