The association of intimate partner violence with postpartum depression in women during their first month period of giving delivery in health centers at Dessie town, 2019

Abstract

Background Postpartum depression is a common psychiatric complaint of women following delivery and a multitude of psychosocial, maternal, newborn and husband-related factors were contributing to it. This condition has a detrimental impact on the mother–infant caregiving relationship and hastens the infant’s cognitive, emotional and social development. However, a shortage of empirical evidence existed especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, we implemented this study to determine the magnitude of postpartum depression and its correlates. Methods A cross-sectional survey was implemented on 378 postnatal women in the maternal and child health clinic of Dessie health centers within 4 weeks of their delivery. Postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Intimate partner violence was operationalized as a psychological, physical and sexual abusive action imposed on women by their associates. We estimated the crude and adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI using binary logistic regression to know the association and statistical significance was declared using a p-value < 0.05. Results More than one-fourth, 102 (27%) (95% CI 22.5, 31.5) of participants were obtained to have postpartum depression. Being single from socio-demographic variables (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.27, 16.74), dissatisfaction with child gender (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.62, 6.69), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.76, 7.23) and depression during current pregnancy (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.81, 8.91) from pregnancy and newborn-related variables, intimate partner violence; psychological (AOR = 6.5, 95% CI 1.98, 15.85), sexual and physical violence (AOR = 3.46, 95%CI 2.34, 18.55), current husbands alcoholism (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.48, 5.34) from husband/partner-related variables and current substance use (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.16, 3.75) were found to have a statistically significant association with postpartum depression. Conclusion More than one-fourth of the interviewed women (27%) were found to have postpartum depression. Being single from socio-demographic variables, dissatisfaction with child gender, unplanned pregnancy, and depression during current pregnancy from pregnancy and newborn-related variables, intimate partner violence, and current husband’s alcoholism from husband/partner-related variables and current substance use were the related factors. This suggests the need for integrating postpartum depression services into the existing postnatal maternal and child health services and basing intervention geared primarily to the mentioned factors above.

Lived experiences of Ugandan women who had recovered from a clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression: a phenomenological study

“…Participants in the present study characterized IPV as aggressive behavior with various types of abuse such as verbal attacks, physical assault, sexual violence, neglect and victimization. The findings of the present study are in tandem with observations of other studies from Africa and other low-income countries [ 10 , 41 ]. In a number of studies, alcoholism and substance abuse has been reported as a key trigger of IPV during the postpartum period [ 11 , 41 ].…”

“…The findings of the present study are in tandem with observations of other studies from Africa and other low-income countries [ 10 , 41 ]. In a number of studies, alcoholism and substance abuse has been reported as a key trigger of IPV during the postpartum period [ 11 , 41 ].…”

A Prospective Study on the Incidence and Predictors of Postpartum Depression among Pregnant Women Attending an Antenatal Clinic in Kano, Northern Nigeria

“…Same findings have been made among pregnant women in Jos, North-Central Nigeria [5]. Ethiopian researchers have reported that being single was the first socio-demographic variable associated with PPD and that single mothers were 5 times more likely to develop PPD than the married mothers [12]. Marriage in the African context makes a woman to be more acceptable and respectable and therefore having a baby the "legitimate way" boosts their self-esteem and gives them a perception of increased worth both within their homes and the wider society.…”

“…This is in keeping with report that physical and verbal abuse increased the risk of PPD by 18-fold and 7-fold respectively. [9] In addition, Ethiopian researchers reported higher odds of developing PPD among women who had experienced psychological and physical abuse [12].…”

The effect of emotional support on postpartum depression among postpartum mothers in Asia: A systematic review

“…Postpartum depression (PPD) is a long‐lasting mood disorder that occurs within the first month after childbirth (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). PPD affects approximately 10.3% to 27.0% of mothers in the first month (Necho et al, 2020; Sylven et al, 2016). In Asia, a wide range of PPD prevalence ranging from 3.5% to 63.3% has been reported (Klainin & Arthur, 2009), and cultural traditions are assumed to contribute to this discrepancy (Wang et al, 2021).…”