The association of estrogen-signaling pathways and susceptibility to open-angle glaucoma

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma is a complex multivariate disorder characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve degeneration. Evidence suggests the role of estradiol (E 2) and the etiology of glaucoma. Therefore, this present study evaluates the association between estrogen-signaling pathways and the risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Results: Meta-analysis was performed from available studies that investigated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients treated with or without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and studies that evaluated the associations between estrogen receptor (ER) polymorphisms and the risk of OAG. The pooled result showed that HRT had a positive effect in lowering IOP. Moreover, ERβ polymorphisms showed a significant association with the risk of OAG. Conclusion: This report supports the notion that estrogen-signaling pathways play a pivotal role in the development of OAG.

The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism and intraocular IL-6 levels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The I 2 values indicated no (0-24.9%), low (25-49.9%), moderate (50-74.9%) or high (75-100%) heterogeneity. The random-effect model (REM) was used if heterogeneity existed; otherwise, the fixed-effect model (FEM) was used 250,[276][277][278][279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286][287] . Subgroup analysis was stratified by type of disease and ethnicity or racial descent.…”

Association between GPER gene polymorphisms and GPER expression levels with cancer predisposition and progression

“…Meta-analysis for each gene polymorphism was performed for two or more studies, as previously described [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Genotypic frequency of GPER gene polymorphism was tested for deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the control subjects if HWE was not reported.…”

“…Genotypic frequency of GPER gene polymorphism was tested for deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the control subjects if HWE was not reported. The genetic association was examined using different genetic models, including allelic (a vs. A), recessive (aa vs. Aa + AA), dominant (aa + Aa vs. AA), over dominant (Aa vs. aa + AA), homozygous (aa vs. AA), and heterozygous (Aa vs. AA) models [ 5 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The associations between GPER gene polymorphisms or GPER expression levels with cancer predisposition and progression were calculated by the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).…”

“…Estradiol (E 2 ) is a major form of estrogen and displays pleiotropic steroid function that play regulatory roles in many physiological processes [ 1 , 2 ]. Biosynthesis of E 2 is determined by the conversion of testosterone by a rate-limiting enzyme, aromatase (CYP19A1) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. E 2 -mediated effects are modulated through both genomic and non-genomic pathways by the nuclear and membrane estrogen receptor (ER), respectively [ 2 ].…”

Updates on Genes and Genetic Mechanisms Implicated in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma

“… 9 Besides, a recent meta-analysis study reported a significant association of the estrogen signaling pathway in open-angle glaucoma with a protective effect of hormone replacement therapy in lowering IOP. 70 Furthermore, EEIG1 (FAM102A) was demonstrated to serve as a novel receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling component with a role in osteoclast formation, 71 suggesting its role in tissue maintenance, repair, and remodeling. Besides, PIP5KL1 (Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-like 1) was also found to be the nearby gene on this loci 20 that has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation and migration and may have a role in tumorigenesis.…”