The association of dietary patterns with cognition through the lens of neuroimaging—a Systematic review

Rodrigues, Belina; Asamane, Evans Atiah; Magalhães, Ricardo; Sousa, Nuno; Thompson, Janice L.; Santos, Nadine Correia

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101145

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This systematic review of prospective data suggests a protective association between healthy DPs and neuroimaging markers and agrees with prior reviews involving cross-sectional studies ( 25 – 27 ). Evidence, while limited, suggests healthy DP’s, such as the MeDi or AHEI-2010 may exert beneficial changes on both brain structure (reduced brain atrophy) and function (maintenance of glucose metabolism and reduced Aβ accumulation).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Overall, this systematic review of available prospective data suggests a protective association between healthy DPs and neuroimaging markers and confirms findings from a prior review involving prospective studies to 2017 ( 28 ) and other reviews involving both prospective and cross-sectional study evidence ( 25 – 27 ). The exact mechanisms responsible for how healthy DPs may be neuroprotective are not known but high-quality DPs such as the MeDi could improve vasculature functioning by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…There have been limited comprehensive reviews of whole DPs and neuroimaging biomarkers ( 25 – 27 ). A previous systematic review ( 28 ) evaluated evidence published up to 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several prospective studies investigating DPs and neuroimaging outcomes have been published since 2017, which have not yet been synthesized. More recently, a systematic review ( 25 ) suggested evidence of associations between healthy DPs and brain imaging correlates, which preceded cognitive decline. However, only studies reporting both cognitive performance and neuroimaging biomarkers were reviewed, meaning that several studies reporting neuroimaging markers alone were not eligible for review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Neuroimaging Markers: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Dementia is a complex, growing challenge for population health worldwide. Dietary patterns (DPs) may offer an opportunity to beneficially influence cognitive ageing and potentially reduce an individuals’ risk of dementia through diet-related mechanisms. However, previous studies within this area have shown mixed results, which may be partly explained by the lack of sensitivity and accuracy within cognitive testing methods. Novel neuroimaging techniques provide a sensitive method to analyse brain changes preceding cognitive impairment which may have previously remained undetected. The purpose of this systematic review was to elucidate the role of DPs in relation to brain ageing processes, by summarising current prospective and intervention studies. Nine prospective studies met the inclusion criteria for the review, seven evaluated the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), one evaluated the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010, and one evaluated a posteriori derived DPs. No intervention studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. There was some evidence of an association between healthy DPs and neuroimaging markers including changes within these markers over time. Consequently, it is plausible that better adherence to such DPs may positively influence brain ageing and neurodegeneration. Future studies may benefit from the use of multi-modal neuroimaging techniques, to further investigate how adherence to a DP influences brain health. The review also highlights the crucial need for further intervention studies within this research area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…There have been limited comprehensive reviews of whole DPs and neuroimaging biomarkers ( 25 – 27 ). A previous systematic review ( 28 ) evaluated evidence published up to 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Neuroimaging Markers: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…Diet is an integral part of preventing civilization diseases (e.g., obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) and medical treatment [ 7 , 8 ], and an important factor for mental health and cognitive performance [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered to be one of the best dietary models for healthy aging and has been shown to decrease risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and dementia, for example [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Cognitive Decline May Be Moderated by Frequency of Specific Food Products Consumption

et al. 2021

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Our study aimed to evaluate whether the type of food products and the frequency of their consumption are associated with cognitive functioning in younger and older adults. The impact of diets that are high in added sugars and saturated fat on cognitive functioning, especially on memory, was at the center of our interest. Participants in the study were 204 healthy adults (aged 20–55) who performed a multitasking cognitive test and completed dietary and psychological questionnaires. Stepwise regression analysis with age and food consumption patterns as predictors, and the cognitive task performance as a dependent variable, revealed that cognitive task performance worsened with age. However, we found that the frequency of consuming different types of foods (healthy versus unhealthy dietary patterns) moderates the effects of age on cognitive functioning. Red meat and animal fat consumption were negatively correlated with cognitive performance, and this relation was dependent on the age of our participants. Conversely, white meat and fish consumption were positively related to memory. Different indices of dietary patterns (both positive and negative) were stronger predictors of cognitive performance in the older adult group. We interpret our results as evidence that diet may be a protective (or worsening) factor in age-related cognitive decline.

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Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Cognition Through Midlife

Randolph¹,

Randolph²

2022

Positive Neuropsychology

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The association of dietary patterns with cognition through the lens of neuroimaging—a Systematic review

Cited by 20 publications

References 64 publications

Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Neuroimaging Markers: A Systematic Review

Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Neuroimaging Markers: A Systematic Review

Age-Related Cognitive Decline May Be Moderated by Frequency of Specific Food Products Consumption

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Cognition Through Midlife

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