The association of dietary choline and betaine and anthropometric measurements among Iranian children: a cross-sectional study

Jafari, Alireza; Jalilpiran, Yahya; Suitor, Katherine; Bellissimo, Nick; Azadbakht, Leila

doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02677-1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Similar to our findings, in the study by Azad Bakht et al dietary betaine was significantly related to MAC (r = 0.093, P = 0.009) and obesity risk (P < 0.05), but there was no association between choline and anthropometric measurements [49]. in general population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals

Soleimani¹,

Ardekani²,

Fayyazishishavan³

et al. 2023

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background There is conflicting evidence on the relationship between dietary choline and betaine with metabolic markers and anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the interaction effects of dietary choline and betaine and physical activity (PA) on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in active youth. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 120 to 18 to 35-year-old people. The food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary data; United States Department of Agriculture website was used to calculate choline and betaine in foods. CK, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile markers were measured with ELISA kits. Low-density lipoprotein, and insulin sensitivity markers were calculated. Sociodemographic status, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics were assessed based on a valid and reliable method. Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) tests adjusted for sex, PA, age, energy, and body mass index were used. Results Increasing dietary betaine and total choline and betaine was positively related to weight, waist-to-hip ratio, fat-free mass and bone mass (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary betaine lowered total cholesterol (P = 0.032) and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.049). The interaction effect of dietary choline and physical activity improved insulin resistance (P < 0.05). As well as dietary betaine interacted with physical activity increased HDL (P = 0.049). In addition, dietary total choline and betaine interacted with physical activity decreased FBS (P = 0.047). Conclusions In general, increasing dietary choline and betaine along with moderate and high physical activity improved insulin resistance, increased HDL, and lowered FBS in the higher tertiles of dietary choline and betaine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals

Soleimani¹,

Ardekani²,

Fayyazishishavan³

et al. 2023

BMC Endocr Disord

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“…We therefore included the total calorie intake as a major confounder in all the analyses to avoid misleading results. The beneficial effect of choline supplementation on body composition and body mass in human has been reported in previous studies 27,28 However, some studies have found no association of choline intake with obesity 29 Factors affecting different outcomes of these interventional studies on humans may include, for example, a period of supplementation and a daily dose of choline. By contrast, we reported that higher plasma choline was associated with higher BMI, body weight, body FM, and WC, which is the opposite to dietary choline intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Associations of plasma betaine, plasma choline, choline intake, and MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) with anthropometric parameters of healthy adults are sex‐dependent

Młodzik-Czyżewska

Malinowska

Szwengiel

et al. 2022

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background Choline and its metabolites apppear to have relationships with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and body weight, but the research results have proved inconsistent. We thus investigated the associations of plasma levels of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), choline, and betaine with anthropometric measurements, including modulatory effects of genetics and diet. Methods The study was performed on a group of 421 adults, aged 20–40 years, who had been recruited in Poland. Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, and TMAO were determined using reverse‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The following polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan probes: rs180113 (MTHFR), rs70991108 (DHFR), rs2236225 (MTHFD1), and rs7946 and rs12325817 (PEMT). We employed multivariate linear regression to examine the associations between anthropometric measurements, one‐carbon metabolism metabolites, and genotypes. Results Higher plasma choline was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.17; p < 0.01), body weight (β = 0.11; p < 0.05), body fat mass (FM) (β = 0.10; p < 0.05), and waist circumference (WC) (β = 0.14; p < 0.01), whereas higher choline intake was associated with lower body FM (β = −0.14; p < 0.01) and lower WC (β = −0.12; p < 0.01). After stratification by sex, plasma betaine was found to be associated with lower BMI (β = −0.20; p < 0.05) and body weight (β = −0.16; p < 0.05) in men only, whereas choline intake was associated with lower body FM (β = −0.19; p < 0.05) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) (β = −0.19; p < 0.05) and MTHFR CC genotype was associated with WHR (β = 0.15; p < 0.05) in women only. Conclusions Higher plasma betaine and higher dietary choline are associated with lower FM and body weight, whereas higher plasma choline is positively associated with body weight status and adiposity. Moreover, these associations appear to be sex‐specific.

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“…Eight studies have reported choline intake in adults [ 17 , 18 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 54 , 66 ], one study measured choline intake in children [ 31 ], and four studies have recorded choline intake in pregnant women [ 13 , 33 – 35 ]. Among the twenty-one studies measuring choline intake in non-European countries, the majority (52%) were conducted in the USA [ 19 , 20 , 25 , 32 , 55 – 57 , 62 – 65 ], while the others were carried out in Palestine [ 58 ], South Africa [ 59 ], Australia [ 36 , 60 ], Mexico [ 23 ], Taiwan [ 16 ], Iran [ 22 , 29 ], Canada [ 21 , 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choline intake was found to be above AI values only in infants and children aged 2–6 years [ 18 , 19 , 29 – 31 , 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary choline intake in European and non-european populations: current status and future trends—a narrative review

Zuk,

Nikrandt,

Chmurzynska

2024

Nutr J

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Background Choline is a nutrient necessary for the proper functioning of the body with a multidimensional impact on human health. However, comprehensive studies evaluating the dietary intake of choline are limited. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze current trends in choline intake in European and non-European populations. The secondary aim was to discuss possible future choline trends. Methods The search strategy involved a systematic approach to identifying relevant literature that met specific inclusion criteria. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials were searched for in PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2016 to April 2024. This review includes the characteristics of study groups, sample sizes, methods used to assess choline intake and time period, databases used to determine intake, choline intakes, and the main sources of choline in the diet. The review considered all population groups for which information on choline intake was collected. Results In most studies performed in Europe after 2015 choline intake did not exceed 80% of the AI standard value. The mean choline intake for adults in different European countries were 310 mg/day, while the highest value was reported for Polish men at 519 mg/day. In non-European countries, mean choline intakes were 293 mg/day and above. The main reported sources of choline in the diet are products of animal origin, mainly eggs and meat. The available data describing the potential intake of these products in the EU in the future predict an increase in egg intake by another 8% compared to 2008–2019 and a decrease in meat intake by about 2 kg per capita from 2018 to 2030. Conclusions In the last decade, choline intake among adults has been insufficient, both in Europe and outside it. In each population group, including pregnant women, choline intake has been lower than recommended. Future choline intake may depend on trends in meat and egg consumption, but also on the rapidly growing market of plant-based products. However, the possible changes in the intake of the main sources of choline may lead to either no change or a slight increase in overall choline intake.

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The association of dietary choline and betaine and anthropometric measurements among Iranian children: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals

The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals

Associations of plasma betaine, plasma choline, choline intake, and MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) with anthropometric parameters of healthy adults are sex‐dependent

Dietary choline intake in European and non-european populations: current status and future trends—a narrative review

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