The Association of Diet-Modulated Gut Microbiota on Development and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Etiology of colon cancer continues to be investigated with research fndings ranging from environment to diet to inherited gene mutations. Risk factors associated with colon cancer include familial history of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as lifestyle-related modifiable influences like diet, weight, and exercise. Recent findings point to the connection between diet and gut microbiota, which is highly affected by changes in diet promoting either an environment of beneficial bacteria or dysbiosis. Dietary effects on the microbiome can impact health outcomes, including an increased risk for colorectal cancer. Although the mechanisms behind the effect of gut microbiota on the development of colorectal cancer continues to evolve, its effect on both inflammation and immune response may play a key role. Further, after development of colorectal cancer diagnosis, the changes to gut microbiota have a potential to continue to influence the effectiveness of therapy and treatment. This review presents the current knowledge around the diet-modulated gut microbiome and its association with, risk for, development of, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Overall, further research on dietary elements that affect the gut microbiome and its subsequent effect on development and treatment of colorectal cancer is needed for applicable recommendations that can be made for dietary modulation of the gut microbiota for improved health outcomes.

Postbiotics in colorectal cancer: intervention mechanisms and perspectives

“…The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the host’s nutritional, metabolic, and immune functions, as well as other physiological processes by secreting a variety of metabolites ( Dzutsev et al, 2015 ). Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is often manifested as a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria, and the disruption of this balance will result in the disturbance of microbial metabolites, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which in turn will lead to the destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier, resulting in chronic inflammation and DNA damage, and ultimately triggering the cellular carcinogenesis and the development of CRC ( Clinger and Hao, 2021 ).…”