The Association of Dental Pulp Stones to Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Almadhoon, Hossam Waleed; Al-Kafarna, Mohammed; M, M; Gbreel, Mohamed Ibrahim; allah, Marwa Awad; Almotairy, Nabeel

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2022.02.010

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Among the medical conditions encountered in this study, the prevalence of pulp stones was significantly higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as reported by other studies [35,36]. A systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association between pulp stone and CVD [37]. A possible explanation was proposed by Edds et al who suggested that the pathogenesis of dental pulp calcification and calcified atheromas might be similar and that the etiology of the calcification of large and small vessels is the same [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Prevalence and Distribution of Pulp Stones and Their Relation to Local and Systemic Factors in the Makkah Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Kenawi,

Jaha,

Alzahrani

et al. 2024

Cureus

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This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of dental pulp stones and evaluated their possible associations with local and systemic factors in the Makkah population in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methodsArchived cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for 390 patients, from the electronic health records (EHR) in the Dental Teaching Hospital, Umm Al-Qura University, were used. Images were examined in all planes (coronal, sagittal, and axial) for a discrete radiopaque mass in the pulp of all teeth, in both arches. The teeth conditions (the presence of caries, restoration, the periodontal condition, and the presence of pulp stones) were recorded. Additional patient information, including age, gender, and medical condition, was obtained from the patients' archived files. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) software; a p-value of ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant. ResultsPulp stone prevalence was 78.97% of the subjects (308 out of 390) and 15.92% of the examined teeth (1644 out of 10326). There were statistically significant differences regarding nationality (p=0.043) and age (p=0.023) but no significant difference between males and females (p=0.876), maxillary and mandibular teeth (p=0.392), and right and left sides (p=0.222) in pulp stone prevalence. Significant differences were found between pulp stone prevalence of sound versus and carious and restored teeth and between periodontally affected teeth and periodontally healthy teeth (p=0.031). ConclusionThe prevalence of pulp stones in the Makkah population is high. A positive association was found between nationality, age, tooth restorations, caries, periodontal diseases, and pulp stone prevalence, but no correlation was found with patients' health or gender. The molars were the most affected teeth, while the incisors were the least.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Investigation of the Prevalence and Distribution of Pulp Stones and Their Relation to Local and Systemic Factors in the Makkah Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Kenawi,

Jaha,

Alzahrani

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…14 Similarly, Madhoon et al concluded that compared to younger patients pulp stones were related to cardiovascular diseases in patients over the age of 40. 15 Results of a study by Khojastepour et al showed that out of 122 patients who met the criteria, 68.2% of the patients with cardiovascular diseases exhibited pulp chamber calcifications, demonstrating that patients with cardiovascular diseases have a higher frequency of pulp calcification than healthy patients. The ability to predict cardiovascular disease using panoramic radiography was 68.9% sensitive.…”

Section: Evidence From Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Pulp stones and its relation with co-morbid diseases

Elyas

Obaid²,

Aljumaah³

et al. 2023

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Pulp stones are nodular, calcified masses that can develop in the pulp of healthy, damaged or even developing teeth. In addition to a number of other factors and idiopathic factors, a number of theories have been put forward about the etiological factors behind the occurrence of pulp stones. These include age, genetic susceptibility, pulp degeneration, pulp circulatory disturbances, inductive interactions between pulp tissue and epithelium, and orthodontic tooth movements. Recently, pulp stones development has been linked to a number of systemic disorders, including diabetes, renal diseases, autoimmune diseases, and coronary artery disease. Osteopontin appears to contribute to plaque calcification and is a component of atheromatous plaques. Calcifications have also been noted in renal and carotid arteries with osteopontin, and numerous studies have shown a relationship between atheromatous plaques in arteries and the development of pulp stones. The development of pulp stones, kidney stones, joint calcification, and atheromatous plaques in arteries are thought to share the same mechanism of apatite formation. It has been hypothesized that the biological apatite that nanobacteria produce on their cell walls, which is comparable to kidney stones and calcified tissue, may be a common cause of both pulp stones and atheromatous plaques seen in coronary artery disease. As per the findings of several studies, pulp stones are more severe in coronary artery disease patients. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about pulp stones and its relation with co-morbid diseases.

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