The association of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy with preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study in California

Karasek, Deborah; Baer, Rebecca J.; McLemore, Monica R.; Bell, April J.; Blebu, Bridgette; Casey, Joan A.; Coleman‐Phox, Kimberly; Costello, J; Felder, Jennifer N.; Flowers, Elena; Fuchs, Jonathan; Gómez, Anu Manchikanti; Karvonen, Kayla L.; Kuppermann, Miriam; Liang, Liang; McKenzie‐Sampson, Safyer; McCulloch, Charles E.; Oltman, Scott P.; Pantell, Matthew S.; Piao, Xianhua; Prather, Aric A.; Schmidt, Rebecca J.; Scott, Karen A.; Spellen, Solaire; Stookey, Jodi; Tesfalul, Martha; Rand, Larry; Jelliffe‐Pawlowski, Laura L.

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100027

Cited by 76 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1 Pregnancy complications in particular with the Delta variant are also increased, including preterm birth, stillbirth, preeclampsia, and emergency caesarean section. 4 , 5 , 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 vaccination rates in an antenatal population: A survey of women's perceptions, factors influencing vaccine uptake and potential contributors to vaccine hesitancy

Ward

Megaw

White

et al. 2022

Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco

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Background Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe COVID‐19 and are a priority group for vaccination. The discrepancy in vaccination rates between pregnant and non‐pregnant cohorts is concerning. Aims This study aimed to assess the perceptions and intentions of pregnant women toward COVID‐19 vaccination and explored vaccine uptake and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Materials and method A cross‐sectional exploratory design was performed evaluating pregnant women receiving care in two metropolitan maternity units in Western Australia. The main measurable outcomes included vaccination status, intention to be vaccinated, and reasons for delaying or declining vaccination. Results In total, 218 women participated. Of these, 122 (56%) had not received either dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine. Sixty (28%) claimed that vaccination was not discussed with them and 33 (15%) reported being dissuaded from vaccination by a healthcare practitioner. Compared to vaccinated women, those who had not accepted vaccination were less likely to have had vaccination discussed by maternity staff, less aware that pregnant women are a priority group, and less aware that pregnancy increased the risk of severe illness. Unvaccinated women were concerned about the side effects of the vaccine for their newborn and their own health, felt there was inadequate information on safety during pregnancy, and felt that a lack of community transmission in Western Australia reduced the necessity to be vaccinated. Conclusion Vaccine delay and hesitancy is common among pregnant women in Western Australia. Education of healthcare professionals and pregnant women on the recommendation for COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy is required.

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“…1 Pregnancy complications in particular with the Delta variant are also increased, including preterm birth, stillbirth, preeclampsia, and emergency caesarean section. 4 , 5 , 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 vaccination rates in an antenatal population: A survey of women's perceptions, factors influencing vaccine uptake and potential contributors to vaccine hesitancy

Ward

Megaw

White

et al. 2022

Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…African-Americans are disproportionally affected [ 32 , 39 ], a recognized health disparity [ 10 , 30 ], worsened by the CoV-2 pandemic [ 50 ]. Indeed, although many cases of PTB are unrelated to any known pathology of mother or fetus, recent examination of women who contract COVID-19 while pregnant face a higher risk of delivering very early [ 23 ]. For those pregnant women who have underlying health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and/or obesity as well as COVID-19 infection, the risk of preterm birth rises 160 percent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Title: β3 Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in the Human Myometrium

2022

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Preterm labor leading to preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although β2 adrenergic agonists fail to provide adequate tocolysis, the expression of the β3 adrenergic receptor in myometrium and its unique signaling suggest a role for β3 agonist in the management of preterm labor. Western blot analysis showed that the β3 adrenergic receptor expression increased in human pregnancy myometrium compared to nonpregnant tissues (p < 0.0001). There was no difference in β3 adrenergic receptor expression throughout pregnancy (p > 0.05). The addition of the β3 agonist mirabegron in the tissue bath relaxed oxytocin contracted myometrium with an EC50 of 41.5 µM. Relaxation was partially blocked by the addition of the eNOS blocker Nω-nitro-L-arginine, or the large conductance potassium channel blocker paxilline. Combination of Nω-nitro-L-arginine and paxilline prevented mirabegron-mediated relaxation. Imaging revealed that the β3 adrenergic receptors are expressed by both myocyte and microvascular endothelial cells isolated from human myometrium. Nitric oxide production measured by 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate revealed that mirabegron stimulated nitric oxide production in myometrial endothelial cells. These data suggest that both endothelial and smooth muscle cells contribute to relaxation through disparate signaling pathways. Repurposing of approved medications tested in human myometrium as uterine tocolytics can advance prevention of preterm birth. These data argue that further examination of β3 adrenergic receptor signaling in myometrium may reveal mirabegron as a useful tocolytic in combination tocolysis regimens.

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“…Preterm birth (39%), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; 10%), and miscarriage (2%) have been observed as important fetal complications of COVID-19 during the third trimester in febrile pregnant women (38.1–39.0 °C) [ 3 , 4 ]. In addition, although results from samples of the placenta, the umbilical cord, and blood from previously infected mothers and their infants indicate that the virus rarely crosses from mother to fetus, when it does, placental damage and fetal injury can occur [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether or not the virus itself is transmitted to the fetus, since COVID-10 infection during pregnancy has been well-documented to lead to preterm delivery [ 4 ], some of the negative health effects may be related to prematurity itself. For instance, pulmonary complications such as bronchopleural disease related to lung immaturity are very common in extremely premature babies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature twin neonates with a Coronavirus-19 positive mother present with an unusual pattern of intestinal ischemia

Retajczyk

Jaffee

McKim

et al. 2022

Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports

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COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is associated with premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. It has also been associated with hypercoagulability and vasculitis in certain patients. This article reports two premature twins born from a COVID-19 mother who presented with an unusual pattern of ileal ischemia and perforation within 24 hours of each other. We suggest that maternal infection with the novel coronavirus might lead to this atypical distribution of intestinal pathology.

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The association of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy with preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study in California

Cited by 76 publications

References 28 publications

COVID‐19 vaccination rates in an antenatal population: A survey of women's perceptions, factors influencing vaccine uptake and potential contributors to vaccine hesitancy

COVID‐19 vaccination rates in an antenatal population: A survey of women's perceptions, factors influencing vaccine uptake and potential contributors to vaccine hesitancy

Title: β3 Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in the Human Myometrium

Premature twin neonates with a Coronavirus-19 positive mother present with an unusual pattern of intestinal ischemia

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