The Association of Cigarette Smoking with Serum TSH Concentration and Thyroperoxidase Antibody

Mehran, Ladan; Amouzgar, A; Delshad, Hossein; Azizi, Fereidoun

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1285910

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Both decreased and increased thyroid functions have been described in smokers [10][11][12] . Most recent studies have shown higher thyroid hormones and lower thyroid stimulating hormone levels in smokers [13][14][15] while others have reported elevated TSH and lower thyroid hormones 16 which differ from our findings. A study by Sepkovic et al (1984) did not show any changes in TSH and free T3 and which agrees with our findings …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Both decreased and increased thyroid functions have been described in smokers 11,12 . Most recent studies have shown higher thyroid hormones and lower thyroid stimulating hormone levels in smokers [13][14][15] , while others have reported elevated TSH and lower thyroid hormones 16 . Though nicotine has also been associated with decreasing bone density and osteoporosis resulting in increased levels of calcium and phosphate ions 2 , is hard to determine whether a decrease in bone density is due to smoking itself or to other risk factors common among smokers such as poor dietary habits 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

Bassey¹,

Akpan²,

Elijah³

et al. 2018

J Med Allied Sci

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

Bassey¹,

Akpan²,

Elijah³

et al. 2018

J Med Allied Sci

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“…Although the study did not distinguish active smoking status from prior smoke exposure, lower TSH level was established among ever smoker males compared to never smoker males [4].…”

Section: Influence Of Cigarette Smoking On Serum Concentration Of Thymentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Recent studies have found that TSH serum concentration is lower in smokers [4][5][6][7][8]. Belin et al conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).…”

Section: Influence Of Cigarette Smoking On Serum Concentration Of Thymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mehran et al analysed an Iranian population in which adults were classified into ever smokers and never smokers according to self-administered questionnaires [4]. Although the study did not distinguish active smoking status from prior smoke exposure, lower TSH level was established among ever smoker males compared to never smoker males [4].…”

Section: Influence Of Cigarette Smoking On Serum Concentration Of Thymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wpływ palenia papierosów na tarczycę — aktualizacja

Sawicka‐Gutaj¹,

Gutaj²,

Sowiński³

et al. 2014

Endokrynologia Polska

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Many studies have shown that cigarette smoking exerts multiple effects on the thyroid gland. Smoking seems to induce changes in thyroid function tests, like decrease in TSH and increase in thyroid hormones. However, these alterations are usually mild. In addition, tobacco smoking may also play a role in thyroid autoimmunity. Many studies have confirmed a significant influence of smoking on Graves' hyperthyroidism and particularly on Graves' orbitopathy. Here, smoking may increase the risk of disease development, may reduce the effectiveness of treatment, and eventually induce relapse. The role of smoking in Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not as well established as in Graves' disease. Nonetheless, lower prevalence of thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroperoxidase antibiodies and hypothyroidism were found in smokers. These findings contrast with a study that reported increased risk of hypothyroidism in smokers with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Moreover, cigarette smoking increases the incidence of multinodular goitre, especially in iodine-deficient areas. Some studies have examined cigarette smoking in relation to the risk of thyroid cancer. Interestingly, many of them have shown that smoking may reduce the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer. Furthermore, both active and passive smoking during pregnancy might modify maternal and foetal thyroid function. This review evaluates the current data concerning the influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland, including hormonal changes, autoimmunity and selected diseases. These findings, however, in our opinion, should be carefully evaluated and some of them are not totally evidence-based. Further studies are required to explain the effects of smoking upon thyroid pathophysiology. StreszczenieWyniki wielu badań dowodzą, że palenie papierosów wywiera istotny wpływ na gruczoł tarczowy. Wykazano, że nikotynizm modyfikuje parametry hormonalne tarczycy, w szczególności prowadzi do obniżenia stężenia TSH. Sugeruje się, że może również powodować nieznaczny wzrost stężenia wolnych hormonów tarczycy. Ponadto, palenie papierosów odgrywa istotną rolę w procesach autoimmunologicznych związanych z gruczołem tarczowym. Dowiedziono, że nikotynizm wywiera negatywny wpływ na przebieg choroby Gravesa i Basedowa oraz orbitopatii Gravesa i Basedowa. Palenie papierosów nie tylko zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju powyższych schorzeń, ale zmniejsza również skuteczność terapii i zwiększa ryzyko nawrotu. Wpływ palenia papierosów na chorobę Hashimoto nie jest tak jednoznacznie dowiedziony, jak w chorobie Gravesa i Basedowa. Sugeruje się, że palenie papierosów może negatywnie korelować z mianem przeciwciał przeciwko tyreoglobulinie oraz tyreoperoksydazie, zmniejszając w konsekwencji ryzyko rozwoju hipotyreozy. Palenie papierosów zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia wola guzkowego szczególnie na obszarach niedoboru jodu. Interesująco przedstawiają się również wyniki badań nad wpływem palenia papierosów na ryzyko wystąpienia raka tarczycy. Wiele z nich dowodzi, że u palaczy ryzyko raka zróżnicowanego tarczycy jest mn...

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Endocrine Manifestations of Addictive Diseases

Hallinan

2014

Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives

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The Association of Cigarette Smoking with Serum TSH Concentration and Thyroperoxidase Antibody

Abstract: The results suggest that smoking is associated with decreased serum TSH concentrations, lower risk of hypothyroidism and possibly with a lower frequency of thyroid auto immunity.

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

Thyroid function determinants, calcium, phosphate and vitamin D in adult male smokers in Calabar, Nigeria

Wpływ palenia papierosów na tarczycę — aktualizacja

Endocrine Manifestations of Addictive Diseases

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