The Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Ross, Leanna M.; Barber, Jacob L.; McLain, Alexander C.; Weaver, R. Glenn; Sui, Xuemei; Blair, Steven N.; Sarzynski, Mark A.

doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0220

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our results suggest that low cardiorespiratory fitness is the driver of the association between poor physical fitness with increased cardiometabolic risk ( Fig 2 and Table 3 ). Data from Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study [ 38 ] including mostly middle-aged adults have demonstrated that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was cross-sectionally associated with better cardiovascular health as assessed by ICH. Furthermore, increments of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with improvements of ICH score [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study [ 38 ] including mostly middle-aged adults have demonstrated that higher cardiorespiratory fitness was cross-sectionally associated with better cardiovascular health as assessed by ICH. Furthermore, increments of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with improvements of ICH score [ 38 ]. Hassinen et al [ 39 ] reported that low cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by respiratory gas analysis, was associated with higher MetS risk in middle-aged and older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults

Camara,

Lima,

Freire

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and joint associations of low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. A total of 360 community-dwelling older adults aged 60–80 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Cardiometabolic risk was based on the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health according to the American Heart Association guidelines. Cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength were estimated using the six-minute walk and the 30-second chair stand tests, respectively. Participants in the 20th percentile were defined as having low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength. Poisson’s regression was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health. Participants with low cardiorespiratory fitness alone and combined with low lower-limb muscle strength were similarly associated with a higher risk for Metabolic Syndrome (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09–1.48, and PR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10–1.58, respectively), and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25–2.47, and PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.19–2.28, respectively). Low lower-limb muscle strength alone was not associated with a higher risk for either Metabolic Syndrome or poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81–1.87, and PR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89–1.37, respectively). Low cardiorespiratory fitness alone or combined with low lower-limb muscle strength, but not low lower-limb muscle strength alone, was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk in older adults. The assessment of physical fitness may be a “window of opportunity” to identify youngest-old adults with a high cardiovascular disease risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults

Camara,

Lima,

Freire

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…The present reference material includes data on aerobic fitness and muscle strength, which are both important components of physical fitness in relation to health, sport, and occupational performance (Hauschild et al 2017 ; Liu et al 2019 ; Ross et al 2019 ; Åstrand et al 2003 ). Aerobic fitness was tested with a maximal treadmill test which has demonstrated equally good reliability and validity to more established maximal treadmill tests like the Bruce or Balke protocol (Froelicher et al 1975 ; Aadland et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference data on anthropometrics, aerobic fitness and muscle strength in young Norwegian men and women

Aandstad

2021

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose Anthropometrics, aerobic fitness and muscle strength are measured in one-third of all 18-year-old Norwegian men and women during yearly selection for compulsory military service. The large sample size and geographical representativity make these data valuable for reference. The main purpose of this study was to present reference data for anthropometrics and physical fitness in young Norwegian men and women. Methods All 154,659 subjects (66% men and 34% women, 17–21 years old) who completed physical examinations at conscript selection from 2011 to 2019 were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was estimated from performance on a maximal treadmill test. Muscle strength was measured by isometric chest and leg press, or seated medicine ball throw, standing long jump and pull-ups. Results Mean BMI (SD) was 23.1 (3.4) and 22.9 (3.3) kg·m−2 in men and women, respectively (P < 0.001), and 24% of men and 21% of women had a BMI ≥ 25 kg·m−2. Estimated VO2peak was 52.9 (4.6) and 42.7 (3.9) mL·kg−1·min−1 in men and women, respectively (P < 0.001). Men performed significantly better than women on all muscle strength tests, with corresponding effect sizes varying from 1.14 for isometric leg press to 2.96 for seated medicine ball throw. Conclusion The presented reference data on physical fitness in young Norwegian men and women can be used to evaluate population health, serve as reference material for future studies and describes sex differences in several physical fitness parameters.

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“…Individuals with high cardiorespiratory fitness levels had 45% higher health scores than individuals with poor cardiorespiratory fitness. However, the proportion of individuals who were obese, fat-but-fit, or fat-but-unfit and how these categorizations related to health score was not examined [31]. Although our study was cross-sectional and did not examine hard clinical endpoints, such as cardiovascular mortality, we identified a subset of obese individuals that could be considered fat-but-fit as they had ideal cardiovascular health scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Ideal Cardiovascular Health: Results from the My Research Legacy Study

Leopold

Antman

2021

Obesities

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Obesity is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases compared to normal-weight and overweight status. We hypothesized that obese subjects would have lower ideal cardiovascular health than normal-weight and overweight subjects, but a subset among the obese would have a favorable cardiovascular health profile. Differences in ideal cardiovascular health between normal-weight (n = 523), overweight (n = 378), and obese (n = 660) subjects were examined using data from the Life’s Simple 7 survey and digital health devices. Obese participants were more likely to have prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia compared to normal weight and overweight (all p < 0.01). Life’s Simple 7 Health Scores, a measure of ideal cardiovascular health, were lower in obese than in normal-weight and overweight groups (5.6 ± 1.2 vs. 8.0 ± 1.1 vs. 6.8 ± 1.1, p < 0.01). A subset of obese with ideal cardiovascular health scores was identified (n = 103). Compared to obese with non-ideal health scores (n = 557), these individuals were more likely to have ideal cardiovascular risk factor status, diet, and exercise profiles. These findings indicate that there is heterogeneity among obese persons and suggest that an assessment of cardiovascular health factors and behaviors can identify areas for intervention beyond weight reduction alone to optimize cardiovascular health.

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The Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults

Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults

Reference data on anthropometrics, aerobic fitness and muscle strength in young Norwegian men and women

Obesity and Ideal Cardiovascular Health: Results from the My Research Legacy Study

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