The association of body fat distribution with lifestyle and reproductive factors in a population study of postmenopausal women

Kaye, Susan A.; Folsom, A.R.; Rj, Prineas; Potter, John D.; Gapstur, S. M.

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(91)90321-g

Cited by 76 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…The Pearson correlation coef®cient between BMI at age 20 (calculated from recalled weight at age 20 and current height) and measured attained BMI in our study (r 0.43, P 0.01) is comparable to the correlation (r 0.41, P 0.0001) reported for post-menopausal women of the Iowa Women's Health Study. 31 Also, there was good concordance between our calculated weight change variable and a separate question in which subjects described how their body weight changed over the years. It should be also pointed out that the statistical signi®cance of the associations reported here re¯ects in part the relatively large size of the sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In the same multivariate analysis young age at menarche and parity were both independent predictors of weight gain; however, parity seemed to predict central obesity while low menarcheal age seemed more predictive of percentage body fat. Previous evidence on the relation between early menarche and general or central adiposity is equivocal, 18,19,31,33 while previous reports, including our study, have consistently shown substantial weight gain 17 and increased WHR 18 to be associated with childbearing.…”

Section: Weight Gain In Swedish Women Ph Lahmann Et Alcontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Similar observations of greater abdominal circumferences relative to hip circumferences in female current smokers were described in previous cross-sectional analyses. 31,33,35 Additionally, in the present study, ex-smokers appeared to represent an intermediate group with percentage body fat and WHR.…”

Section: Weight Gain In Swedish Women Ph Lahmann Et Alsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVES: To examine sociodemographic factors associated with long-term adult weight gain and current general and central adiposity in women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis based on data from the Malmo È Diet and Cancer prospective cohort Study (MDCS), Sweden. SUBJECTS: 5464 women aged 45 ± 73 y, who participated in the MDCS between 1994 and 1996. MEASUREMENTS: Weight change was de®ned as the difference between measured weight and recalled weight at age 20. Body composition was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were indicators of central obesity. Sociodemographic factors studied included reproductive, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics obtained from a questionnaire. RESULTS: At current age 13% of all women were obese (BMI ! 30), and nearly one-third had a body fat content of b33%. Since age 20, the majority of women (77%) had gained more than 10% of their initial weight. On average, the mean weight change was 12.6 AE 10.0 kg during adult life. Age-adjusted group mean comparisons identi®ed a number of signi®cant sociodemographic variables predicting past weight gain and current obesity. In multivariate analysis, signi®cant independent correlates of weight gain were: age, initial small body size, high parity, early menarche, nonuse of hormone therapy, low self-rated health, non-smoking, no consumption of alcohol, sedentary leisure activity, past change in diet, retirement, low education, low socioeconomic status, and low socioeconomic status of origin. Many of the same variables were independently associated with current waist circumference, WHR, and percentage body fat. CONCLUSIONS: Large weight gain during adult life and a high rate of overweight were observed in this group of Swedish women. Many sociodemographic characteristics were associated with long-term weight gain and recent obesity indices. Initial BMI, smoking, age, physical activity and early socioeconomic status accounted for most of the explained variance in weight change. The ®ndings indicate the importance of identifying environmental determinants of both weight gain and attained fatness, as well as fat distribution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Weight Gain In Swedish Women Ph Lahmann Et Alcontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women

et al. 2000

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“…Singh 31 notes that in the work of De Ridder 27 on weight matched girls, those with lower WHR had early pubertal endocrine activity and married women with higher WHR and lower BMI are reported to have more dif®culty getting pregnant and to have the ®rst birth at later age. 34 Also, in a Dutch prospective study on arti®cial insemination, a 0.1 unit increase in WHR led to a 30% decrease in probability of conception, after controlling for many interfering variables. 35 The conclusion from Singh's studies on Western populations is that body fat and its distribution plays a crucial role in judgements of female attractiveness, health, youthfulness, and reproductive potential.…”

Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial effects of body fat and adipose tissue in humans*

Norgan

1997

Int J Obes

103

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Body fat and adipose tissue are considered to have bene®cial effects when they promote or protect the present and future function. These effects do not occur at absolute amounts or percentages of the body weight but rather they are context speci®c. Body fat stores are the major energy stores of the body and are important determinants of survival in starvation or undernutrition. Reproduction features highly as a biological function. Humans are alone in having major sex-speci®c fat stores and patterns of fat distribution 1 and these have been linked with the onset and maintenance of menstruation, with mate selection and sexual signalling, and with favourable pregnancy and lactation outcomes. To survive and reproduce good physical and psychological health are advantageous attributes. Work metabolism, bone health and, possibly immune function and energy balance itself, are related in functionally bene®cial ways to fat content and distribution.

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“…These include changes in energy intake, decreased strength, changes in sex steroid or certain hormonal factors [9] . Upper body fat distribution is frequently observed in women with PCOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among Serum Testosterone Levels, Body Fat and Muscle Mass Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

2001

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Abstract.We investigated the relationships among serum testosterone levels, body fat and muscle mass distribution in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Subjects were 67 women with PCOS (mean age±standard deviation, 28.8±6.6 years). Baseline characteristics included age and height. Trunk-leg fat ratio and trunk-leg muscle ratio were assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were measured with radioimmunoassays. Relationships among serum testosterone levels, body fat and muscle mass distribution were investigated using Pearson and partial correlation tests. Serum testosterone levels were positively correlated with trunk-leg fat ratio (r=0.398, P<0.01), but were inversely correlated with trunk-leg muscle ratio (r= -0.332, P<0.05).Trunk-leg muscle ratio was inversely correlated with trunk-leg fat ratio (r= -0.360, P<0.01).Serum testosterone levels were still correlated with trunk-leg fat ratio (r=0.500, P<0.001) and trunk-leg muscle ratio (r= -0.286, P <0.05), after adjusting for age and height. Trunk-leg fat ratio was still correlated with trunk-leg muscle ratio, after adjusting for age, height, and serum testosterone levels. Based on these results, we concluded that higher serum testosterone levels may contribute to the upper body fat distribution and peripheral muscle mass distribution.In addition, peripheral muscle mass distribution may also contribute to the upper body fat distribution.

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The association of body fat distribution with lifestyle and reproductive factors in a population study of postmenopausal women

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women

Sociodemographic factors associated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women

The beneficial effects of body fat and adipose tissue in humans*

Relationships among Serum Testosterone Levels, Body Fat and Muscle Mass Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

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