The association of blood urea nitrogen levels with mortality in acute pulmonary embolism

The predictive value of plasma osmolality for in‐hospital mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

“…Similarly, Altınsoy et al demonstrated that the elevated BUN levels, which is also a contributor to plasma osmolality, may have a predictive value for in‐hospital and early mortality among patients admitted with APE . Moreover, in a recent study that consisted of 252 consecutive APE patients, the researchers revealed that an admission BUN levels above 34.5 mg/dL is a predictor of in‐hospital mortality among these patients . Besides that, in an experimental study, the pulmonary effects of the hypernatremia were investigated.…”

“…15 Moreover, in a recent study that consisted of 252 consecutive APE patients, the researchers revealed that an admission BUN levels above 34.5 mg/dL is a predictor of in-hospital mortality among these patients. 9 Besides that, in an experimental study, the pulmonary effects of the hypernatremia were investigated. The authors showed that after the high-salt diet in adults, there was an increase in neutrophils, eosinophils and inflammatory cytokines in induced sputum, and it was concluded that the high-salt diet may enhance airway inflammation in the lungs and this finding may be mediated by changes in serum osmolality.…”

“…These studies reported that elevated levels of plasma osmolality are independently associated with increased in‐hospital mortality following acute coronary syndrome. Moreover, plasma glucose and BUN levels, the components of plasma osmolality, have been shown to be an important contributor for in‐hospital mortality in APE patients . In the light of these data, we hypothesized that there may be an association between plasma osmolality upon admission and in‐hospital mortality in patients with APE.…”

“…Moreover, plasma glucose and BUN levels, the components of plasma osmolality, have been shown to be an important contributor for in-hospital mortality in APE patients. 9,10 In the light of these data, we hypothesized that there may be an association between plasma osmolality upon admission and in-hospital mortality in patients with APE. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of plasma osmolality upon admission with in-hospital mortality in patients with APE.…”

Predictive factors for special care units admission and in-hospital mortality among geriatric patients that presented to the emergency department of a teaching hospital

“…This is supported by previous studies that showed BUN as a significant predictor of all-cause mortality. [12][13][14][15][16] Besides the fact that an increase in protein intake increases urea excretion, high ammonia source from urea hydrolysis (CO2 + ammonia) in the colon and amino acid catabolism during protein breakdown provide substrates in hepatocytes for ureagenesis. In the critically ill patients, BUN rises with such condition as malnutrition and starvation, hypovolaemia and renal hypoperfusion from dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced cardiac output and sepsis.…”