The Association of Astigmatism and Spherical Refractive Error in a High Myopia Cohort

Heidary, Gena; Ying, Gui‐Shuang; Maguire, Maureen G.; Young, Terri L.

doi:10.1097/01.opx.0000159361.17876.96

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The presence of astigmatism has been found to be associated with myopic refractive errors, that is, astigmatism was associated with higher degrees of myopia. [6][7][8][9][10]47,48 Fulton, Hansen and Petersen 6 suggested that uncorrected astigmatic errors influenced the development of myopia and that the optical blur from uncorrected astigmatism may be a trigger for myopic development. The presence and changes in astigmatism have been found by some investigators to be associated with an increased progression of myopia.…”

Section: Astigmatism and Other Refractive Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis

Read

Collins

Carney

2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

229

205

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Astigmatism is a refractive condition encountered commonly in clinical practice. This review presents an overview of research that has been carried out examining various aspects of this refractive error. We examine the components of astigmatism and the research into the prevalence and natural course of astigmatic refractive errors throughout life. The prevalence of astigmatism in various ethnic groups and diseases and syndromes is also discussed. We highlight the extensive investigations that have been conducted into the possible aetiology of astigmatism, however, no single model or theory of the development of astigmatism has been proven conclusively. Theories of the development of astigmatism based on genetics, extraocular muscle tension, visual feedback and eyelid pressure are considered. Observations and evidence from the literature supporting and contradicting these hypotheses are presented. Recent advances in technology such as wavefront sensors and videokeratoscopes have led to an increased understanding of ocular astigmatism and with continued improvements in technology, our knowledge of astigmatism and its genesis should continue to grow.

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Section: Astigmatism and Other Refractive Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis

Read

Collins

Carney

2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

229

205

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“…Farbrother et al 10 in a cross sectional analysis of 19 optometric practices in the north of England, found an association between WTR astigmatism and high myopia. Heidary et al 11 completed a retrospective study of 217 severely myopic patients. They found that the degree of myopic spherical refractive error is correlated with WTR astigmatism severity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astigmatism and Myopia in Tohono O’odham Native American Children

Twelker

Miller²,

Sherrill

et al. 2013

Optometry and Vision Science

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Purpose To describe change in spherical equivalent (M) in a longitudinal sample of Tohono O'odham students ages 3 to 18 years and to test the hypothesis that astigmatism creates complex cues to emmetropization, resulting in increased change in M in the direction of increasing myopia and increased occurrence of myopia. Methods Subjects were 777 Tohono O'odham Native American children on whom cycloplegic right eye autorefraction was measured on at least two study encounters between ages 3 and 18 years (first encounter prior to age 5.5 years, final encounter ≥ 3 years later). Regression lines were fit to individual subjects’ longitudinal M data to estimate rate of change in M (regression slope, D/year). Regression was also used to predict if a subject would be myopic (≤−0.75D M) by age 18 years. ANCOVA was used to assess the relation between M slope and magnitude of baseline M and astigmatism. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the relation between predicted myopia onset and magnitude of baseline M and astigmatism. Results Mean M slope was significantly more negative for hyperopes (M ≥ +2.00) than for myopes (M ≤ −0.75) or for subjects neither hyperopic nor myopic (NHM, M > −0.75 and < +2.00), but there was no significant difference between the myopic and NHM groups. Chi-square analysis indicated that final myopia status varied across level of baseline astigmatism. Subjects with high astigmatism were more likely to be predicted to have significant myopia by age 18 years. Conclusions The association between greater shift in M towards myopia with age in subjects who were hyperopic at baseline is consistent with continued emmetropization in the school years. Results regarding predicted myopia development imply that degradation of image quality due to refractive astigmatism creates complex cues to emmetropization, resulting in increased occurrence of myopia.

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“…The presence of high astigmatism is associated with the development of amblyopia and progressive myopia [Fulton et al, 1982;Gwiazda et al, 2000]. The presence of astigmatism has also been found to be associated with higher degrees of myopia, with an increased progression of myopia by some studies [Ninn-Pedersen, 1996;Fulton et al, 1982;Gwiazda et al, 2000;Tong et al, 2002;Farbrother et al, 2004;Fan et al, 2004;Heidary et al, 2005] whereas other studies have found little to no association between the presence of astigmatism and the presence and progression of myopic refractive errors. However, there does appear to be an association between astigmatism and the development and progression of myopia [Read et al, 2007].…”

Section: Epidemiology -Prevalencementioning

confidence: 96%