The association of apolipoprotein B with chronic kidney disease in the Chinese population

Abstract

BackgroundWhether serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a risk factor for the development of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been fully established in the general population. Therefore, our study evaluated the correlation between serum ApoB level and CKD to look for an alternative approach for CKD prevention and treatment in the general population.MethodsThere were 146,533 participants in this cross-sectional study. 3,325 participants with more than 2 measurements were enrolled in the retrospective longitudinal study with at least a 3-year follow-up. ApoB was measured by the immunoturbidimetric method in 6 centers. Our study defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The Spearman rank correlation analysis and the Random Forest algorithm were applied to rank the importance of variables determining the levels of eGFR. We used the logistic regression model to explain the correlation between serum ApoB and CKD. We used the Cox model to detect the correlation between baseline serum ApoB and the subsequent occurrence of CKD.ResultsBased on a cross-sectional study, 66.5% of the participants were males, with a median age of 49 (interquartile range [IQR] 43-55). Compared to the non-CKD group, the CKD group has higher levels of lipid profile and fasting glucose as well as the proportion of hypertension and hyperuricemia. The Spearman rank correlation analysis and the Random Forest algorithm revealed that ApoB has the highest correlation with eGFR decline among lipid profiles. The logistic regression analysis revealed that ApoB had a positive correlation with the prevalence of CKD after fully controlling confounders (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.11). Moreover, baseline ApoB level was correlated with a new-onset CKD in the longitudinal cohort after full adjustment for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI: 1.02-2.54). The correlation between ApoB level and the new-onset CKD was consistently observed in all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionSerum ApoB had the strongest correlation with CKD among all lipid variables. Moreover, high serum ApoB levels might precede the occurrence of CKD, suggesting that monitoring and reducing serum ApoB levels may provide an alternative method to prevent and treat CKD.

ApoB100 and Atherosclerosis: What’s New in the 21st Century?

“…In a cross-sectional study involving 146,533 participants, Xu reported that ApoB showed the strongest association with CKD among all lipid parameters. Moreover, elevated serum ApoB values may potentially precede the clinical manifestation of CKD [96]. These insights underscore the importance of monitoring ApoB and other lipid parameters in assessing cardiovascular risk and kidney disease progression in individuals with CKD.…”

The Intersection of Genetic Factors, Aberrant Nutrient Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Cardiometabolic Disease

“…Among polymorphisms in PKCS9 and Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB), mutations in ApoB were identified as being associated with greater risk of developing kidney disease among diabetic patients [257]. Indeed, ApoB levels have been correlated with a decline in eGFR [258]. Moreover, patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have reduced eGFR and are at greater risk of CKD [259,260].…”