The Association of Age with Gastric Emptying

Gainsborough, Nicola; Maskrey, Vivienne; Nelson, M. L.; Keating, James W.; Sherwood, R.; Jackson, Stephen; Swift, Cameron

doi:10.1093/ageing/22.1.37

Cited by 56 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The effect of age per se on gastric emptying has received little attention, but appears to be stable in healthy humans [26]. The stability of this rate with age in healthy, non-diabetic animals seen in the present study is in agreement with the concept that gastric emptying is primarily controlled by calories [27].…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 90%

Accelerated gastric emptying of glucose in Zucker type 2 diabetic rats: role in postprandial hyperglycaemia

et al. 1997

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Phillips et al. [1] demonstrated abnormally rapid gastric emptying of glucose solutions in patients with recently diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which contrasts with delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis), a well-documented late manifestation of diabetes attributed to autonomic neuropathy [2]. Intravenous administration of cholecystokinin (CCK), a physiological inhibitor of gastric emptying in healthy humans [3], normalized gastric emptying of a glucose test meal in NIDDM diabetic patients and reduced the postprandial hyperglycaemia [4]. This outcome was predicted from studies in healthy human subjects which showed that CCK regulated postprandial blood glucose levels by slowing gastric emptying [5]. These studies support the hypothesis [1] that accelerated gastric emptying in early NIDDM in humans may contribute to poor glucose control by increasing the rate of glucose entry into the small intestine, thereby increasing absorption rate and exacerbating postprandial hyperglycaemia.To further examine this phenomenon, the gastric emptying of glucose was investigated in a newly Diabetologia (1997) Summary Patients with early non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) empty glucose solutions from their stomachs more rapidly than non-diabetic control subjects, and this exacerbates postprandial hyperglycaemia.To determine if accelerated gastric emptying occurred in a rat model of NIDDM and influenced postprandial hyperglycaemia, gastric emptying of glucose was measured, and the effect of slowing the gastric emptying rate on postprandial hyperglycaemia was observed. We tested eight male obese Zucker diabetic rats and eight age-matched lean Zucker controls at 10-13 weeks of age to measure gastric emptying of glucose (by gamma scintigraphy). Rats fasted overnight were gavaged with 30 % glucose at 1 ml/100 g body weight. Separately, six Zucker diabetic rats and six lean controls were tested for sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of cholecystokinin and secretin on gastric emptying. The diabetic rats emptied glucose significantly faster than controls (t 1/2 = 37.3 ± 1.5 vs 58.8 ± 2.3 min in controls), and aging exaggerated this differential. Camostat, a stimulant of cholecystokinin and secretin release, added to the glucose meal significantly slowed gastric emptying (t 1/2 = 123 ± 23 and 166 ± 19 min, diabetic vs lean, respectively), and significantly reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic rats. Compared to Zucker lean controls, Zucker diabetic rats were as sensitive (cholecystokinin) or more sensitive (secretin) to gastrointestinal hormones that inhibit gastric emptying. The results demonstrate accelerated gastric emptying in a rat model of NIDDM, consistant with similar observations in humans with early NIDDM. These results also support the proposal that interventions to slow gastric emptying may improve glucose control in this disease. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 136-142]

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 90%

Accelerated gastric emptying of glucose in Zucker type 2 diabetic rats: role in postprandial hyperglycaemia

et al. 1997

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“…Although earlier studies reported significant apparently age-related effects including reduced gastric acid secretion [37,38] and gastric emptying [39], reduced splanchnic blood flow [40], and absorptive capacity of the small intestine [41], probably due to the effects of disease states, more recent reports have not confirmed these findings in healthy subjects [23,25,42,43].…”

Section: Drug Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This may be the direct consequence of changes in the enzyme secreting cells and organs or hormonal and neural regulatory alterations [22]. By contrast, gastric emptying in elderly subjects is similar to that of young subjects [23].…”

Section: Stomach and Duodenummentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While some studies have not shown significant age-related differences in absorption rates for different drugs [23,[44][45][46][47][48][49], the absorption of vitamin B 12 , iron and calcium through active transport mechanisms is reduced [22,50] whereas the absorption of levodopa is increased. The latter is probably secondary to a reduced amount of dopadecarboxylase in the gastric mucosa [51].…”

Section: Drug Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age‐related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications

Mangoni

Jackson

2003

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1,346

911

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Advancing age is characterized by impairment in the function of the many regulatory processes that provide functional integration between cells and organs. Therefore, there may be a failure to maintain homeostasis under conditions of physiolog ical stress. The reduced homeostatic ability affects different regulatory systems in different subjects, thus explaining at least partly the increased interindividual variability occurring as people get older. Important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes occur with advancing age. Pharmacokinetic changes include a reduction in renal and hepatic clearance and an increase in volume of distribution of lipid soluble drugs (hence prolongation of elimination half-life) whereas pharmacodynamic changes involve altered (usually increased) sensitivity to several classes of drugs such as anticoagulants, cardiovascular and psychotropic drugs. This review focuses on the main age-related physiological changes affecting different organ systems and their implications for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs.

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“…The elderly tend to satiate earlier than young people after a meal; this early satiety is thought to be the consequence of signals emitted from the stomach. Most studies agree that a slower gastric emptying and a faster passage from the gastric fundus to the antrum occur with age (96). Food therefore remains in the antrum for a longer time, inducing a greater gastric distention.…”

Section: Anorexia In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 96%