The association of 16SrVI and 16SrI phytoplasma groups with carrot seeds and weeds in Ankara and Konya provinces in Turkey

Abstract

The inoculum sources of phytoplasmas associated with carrot severe yellowing and reddening symptoms were investigated in Ankara and Konya provinces, Turkey. The presence of 16SrVI and 16SrI-related phytoplasmas in the seeds of seven carrot cultivars that are widely cultivated in the regions, as well as in weeds in the fields, was determined in this study. Sequence analysis was confirmed existing phytoplasma groups in samples were determined by using conventional molecular methods (nested-PCR) and the obtained results were supported by phylogenetic studies. In addition, the obtained nucleotide sequences were compared with the reference phytoplasma sequences by in silico PCR-RFLP analysis. Daucus carota wild, Medicago sativa, Conium maculatum, and Sinapis arvensis weeds were infected with the 16SrVI (Clover proliferation) phytoplasma group. In addition, 16SrVI and 16SrI (Aster yellows) phytoplasma groups were identified in seedlings germinated from seeds of seven carrot cultivars: one was a local red carrot cultivar and six were commercially produced cultivars. To our knowledge, this was the first report of carrot seeds infected with the 16SrVI group and the presence of the 16SrVI group in S. arvensis, C. maculatum, and D. carota wild.

First report of natural infection of wild carrot by Watermelon mosaic virus in Turkey

“…Wild carrot ( Daucus carota ) grows in a wide range of temperate climates around the world, far beyond its native origins in the Mediterranean and Asia. Furthermore, it can serve as an alternative host and a source of inoculum for a variety of plant pathogens (Randa‐Zelyüt 2022).…”

Divergence within the Taxon ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Confirmed by Comparative Genome Analysis of Carrot Strains

“…Bacteria of the provisional taxon 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' are phloem-limited parasites [1] that infect a wide range of plant species, including many important crops as well as ornamentals and wild hosts. These parasites of the Mollicutes class are transmitted by phloem-sucking insect vectors in general [2,3], by vegetative propagation and in some rare cases by seed transmission [4,5]. Phytoplasmosis often manifests as leaf yellowing, hindered organogenesis, growth abnormalities, and general plant decline.…”

Ankara ve Konya (Türkiye) illeri havuç (Daucus carota L.) (Apiaceae) ekim alanlarında aster yellows fitoplazmasının altgruplarının ve potansiyel böcek vektörlerinin belirlenmesi

“…Among the phytopathogens, phytoplasma strains, Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum Liefting et al (Bacteria: Phyllobacteriaceae), and Spiroplasma citri Saglio et al (Bacteria: Mycoplasmataceae), in particular, have been associated with significant carrot yield losses as a result of single or mixed infections (Lee et al, 2006;Cebrián et al, 2010;Satta et al, 2017). In addition to the transmission through seeds (Bertolini et al, 2015;Alfaro-Fernández et al, 2017;Carminati et al, 2019;Randa-Zelyüt et al, 2022), insect vectors are also responsible for the spread of phytoplasmas.…”