The association between women’s economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey

Abstract

We test in how far women’s economic participation can be associated with physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women in Turkey, by mobilizing the Survey “National Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey” (wave 2014). Several studies found that economically active women have a similar, if not a higher risk of experiencing domestic violence than inactive women in Turkey, as well as in other emerging countries. We challenge these findings for Turkey by distinguishing between formal and informal labor market activities as well as between women who do not work because their partner does not allow them to and women who are inactive for other reasons. To increase the control for endogeneity in this cross-sectional setting, we apply an IV-approach based on cluster averages. We find that, while overall employment for women cannot be associated with a lower risk of experiencing domestic violence for women in Turkey, those women who participate in the formal labor market and those women who contribute at least the same as their partner to household income are less exposed to physical and/or sexual domestic violence than their counterparts. Distinguishing between formal and informal employment is thus important when it comes to investigate the association between women’s economic activity and domestic violence. This is especially the case in a country like Turkey, which currently undergoes important socio-economic changes and where women in formal and informal employment have therefore very different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Effectiveness of Training Program on Improving Health Care Providers’ Readiness for Managing Domestic Violence in Jimma Medical Center: Pre-Experimental Study [Letter]

“…1 This method is effective enough to measure what the researcher wants to achieve, but we would like to suggest by providing additional data, taken from the focus group discussions, to the participants who have experienced domestic violence could better strengthen the results in this study or further research later. 3 In conclusion, we agree that there is a need for the readiness of health service providers to manage participants who experience domestic violence because this will have a major impact on their survival. We suggest that the results of this research could be used by the local government, to draw policies regarding what actions are needed, in order to meet the needs of health service providers in aiding domestic violence victims.…”

Sexual violence as a type of domestic violence: activation of legal aspects

“…Загалом ці причини провокують всі форми домашнього насильства, проте для сексуального основними причинами є схильність до насильства в цілому, психічне здоров'я та/або емоційні проблеми правопорушника. Наприклад, економічний чинник який завжди виокремлювався з перших не має суттєвого впливу: національне дослідження домашнього насильства щодо жінок у Туреччині показали, що економічно активні жінки мають подібний, якщо не вищий ризик зазнати домашнього сексуального насильства, ніж неактивні жінки в Туреччині, а також в інших країнах, що розвиваються (Greulich, Dasré, 2022).…”