The Association between Vitamin D, Interleukin-4, and Interleukin-10 Levels and CD23+ Expression with Bronchial Asthma in Stunted Children

Abstract

Children with stunted growth have an increased risk of wheezing, and studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D and interleukin (IL)-10, along with increased IL-4 levels and CD23+ expression, are present in stunted and asthmatic children. To date, it is not known whether these factors are related to the incidence of asthma in stunted children. This case-control study investigated the association between vitamin D, IL-4, and IL-10 levels and CD23+ expression with bronchial asthma in stunted children. The study included 99 children aged 24–59 months, i.e., 37 stunted-sthmatic children (cases), 38 stunted children without asthma, and 24 non-stunted children with asthma. All children were tested for their 25(OH)D levels using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), IL-4 and IL-10 levels were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, and CD23+ expression was measured through flow cytometry bead testing. The data were analyzed using chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that stunted asthmatic children had a higher incidence of atopic family members than those without asthma. Additionally, stunted asthmatic children had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (48.6%) than the control group (44.7% and 20.8%). Furthermore, stunted asthmatic children had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D [20.55 (16.18–25.55), p = 0.042] and higher levels of IL-4 [1.41 (0.95–2.40), p = 0.038], although there were no significant differences in IL-10 levels and CD23+ expression. The study concluded that low vitamin D and high IL-4 levels are associated with bronchial asthma in stunted children, while IL-10 and CD23+ do not show a significant association.

The effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…However, the effects of vitamin D on Th2 cells in patients with asthma show inconsistency across studies. A recent review indicates that vitamin D supplementation may rather reduce the Th2 response and associated cytokines in asthma by boosting Treg cells and elevating IL-10 levels ( 13 ).…”

Humoral Cytokine Levels in Patients with Herpes Zoster: A Meta-Analysis

“… 17 Furthermore, anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-4 and IL-10 reduce the generation of pro-inflammatory factors and mitigate the inflammatory reaction. 18 …”

“…17 Furthermore, anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-4 and IL-10 reduce the generation of pro-inflammatory factors and mitigate the inflammatory reaction. 18 Currently, the treatment of HZ is based on medication and surgery, which mainly includes antiviral drugs, nutritive nerve drugs and painkillers, etc. Surgical treatments include nerve blocks, implantation of epidural analgesic pumps and radiofrequency ablation, etc.…”