The association between urinary concentrations of phosphorous-containing flame retardant metabolites and semen parameters among men from a fertility clinic

Ingle, Mary E.; Mínguez-Alarcón, Lidia; Carignan, Courtney C.; Butt, Craig M.; Stapleton, Heather M.; Williams, Paige L.; Ford, Jennifer B.; Hauser, Russ; Meeker, John D.; Team, Earth Study

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.05.001

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Other PEFRs metabolites were more rarely analyzed. Tert-butyl phenyl phenyl phosphate (tb-PPP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) were detected infrequently (Su et al, 2015;Butt et al, 2016;Castorina et al, 2017b;Hoffman et al, 2017a;Soubri et al, 2017;Carignan et al, 2018a and b;Deziel et al, 2018;He et al, 2018a;Hoffman et al, 2018;Ingle et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2018). Dibenzyl phosphate (DBzP) was not detected in urine samples collected in the U.S.A. (Romano et al, 2017;Jayatilaka et al, 2017;Ospina et al, 2018).…”

Section: General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be explained by differences in FR regulations, dietary habits, lifestyle, and use of PEFRs in household products and indoor environments (e.g., building material), between the various countries and/or study locations (Carignan et al, 2013;Butt et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018;He et al, 2018b). Other factors were reported to have an impact on urinary PEFR metabolite concentrations, including timing (e.g., season of collection) (Hoffman et al, 2017a and b;Deziel et al, 2018;Ingle et al, 2018;Phillips et al, 2018), sex (e.g., women tend to have higher levels of DPHP than men, Hoffman et al, 2015b;Preston et al, 2017;He et al, 2018a;Ospina et al, 2018), behavior and activity patterns (e.g., hand washing and cleaning routines, nail painting) (Abdallah et al, 2016;Mendelsohn et al, 2016;He et al, 2018b) and age (Van den Lu et al, 2017;He et al, 2018a;Ospina et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2018). Urinary concentrations of the main PEFR metabolites were generally higher in toddlers than in adults (Butt et al, 2014 andCequier et al, 2015;Hoffman et al, 2015a;Van den Eede et al, 2015b;Chen et al, 2018;He et al, 2018a and b;Ospina et al, 2018).…”

Section: Possible Bias Limitations and Strengths Of The Reviewed Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent biomonitoring reports on phosphate ester flame retardants: a short review

et al. 2018

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Organophosphate triesters (PEFRs) are used increasingly as flame retardants and plasticizers in a variety of applications, such as building materials, textiles, and electric and electronic equipment. They have been proposed as alternatives to brominated flame retardants. This updated review shows that biomonitoring has gained incrementally greater importance in evaluating human exposure to PEFRs, and it holds the advantage of taking into account the multiple potential sources and various intake pathways of PEFRs. Simultaneous and extensive internal exposure to a broad range of PEFRs have been reported worldwide. Their metabolites, mainly dialkyl or diaryl diesters, have been used as biomarkers of exposure and have been ubiquitously detected in the urine of adults and children in the general population. Concentrations and profiles of PEFR urinary metabolites are seen to be variable and are highly dependent on individual and environmental factors, including age, country regulation of flame retardants, and types and quantities of emissions in microenvironments, as well as analytical procedures. Additional large biomonitoring studies, using a broad range of urinary diesters and hydroxylated metabolites, would be useful to improve the validity of the biomarkers and to refine assessments of human exposure to PEFRs.

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Section: General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Bias Limitations and Strengths Of The Reviewed Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent biomonitoring reports on phosphate ester flame retardants: a short review

et al. 2018

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“…Our subset from the EARTH cohort consisted of 230 women and 229 men contributing one to five urine samples per participant ( n = 638 women and n = 335 men). Demographic characteristics of these women and men have been previously reported [25, 37]. Briefly, this sample consisted primarily of Caucasian (87%), nonsmoking (75%), and highly educated (57% hold graduate degree) women with an average age of 35 [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distributions of PFRs have been previously reported for participants [25, 37]. Due to the low frequency of detectable concentrations, BCIPP was henceforth excluded in this analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of urinary phosphorous-containing flame retardant metabolites and self-reported personal care and household product use among couples seeking fertility treatment

Ingle

Mínguez-Alarcón

Carignan

et al. 2019

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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BackgroundPhosphorous-containing flame-retardants (PFRs) are widely detected. They are used both as a flame retardant as well as plasticizer.MethodsA subset of 230 women and 229 men were recruited from Massachusetts General Hospital fertility clinic between 2005 and 2015. At each visit, participants completed a questionnaire of personal care product (PCP) and household product (HP) use. Metabolites [bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), isopropylphenyl phenyl phosphate (ip-PPP), tert-butylphenyl phenyl phosphate and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate] were measured in urine (1–5 samples; n = 638 women, n = 335 men). Associations were assessed using generalized mixed models, adjusted for SG, age, BMI, smoking, education, and season.ResultsIn women, moisturizer (60%), nail polish remover (77%), and nail polish (134%) use were associated (p < 0.05) with an increase in DPHP concentrations, while ip-PPP concentrations increased 21–27% with conditioner, cosmetics, deodorant, and hair product use. Mouthwash and vinyl glove use were associated with a respective 31% and 92% increase in DPHP among men.ConclusionsOur exploratory analysis suggests PFRs may be used as a plasticizer in consumer products, and nail polish use contributes to internal DPHP exposure. Further research is needed to understand how PFRs are used in these products and how it relates to exposure.

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“…Many studies have demonstrated the anti-androgenic effect on adults exposed to several chemical classes: e.g. pesticides [13], perfluorinated chemicals [39], brominated flame retardants [40], phthalates [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Widespread Pollution Exposure and Oxidized Products of Nucleic Acids in Seminal Plasma and Urine in Males Attending a Fertility Center

Poli

Andreoli

Moscato

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: In recent decades, there has been an increase in male infertility, and in many cases, the etiology remains unclear. Several studies relate male hypo-fertility to xenobiotic exposure, even if no data exist about multiple exposure at the environmental level. Methods: The study involved 86 males with diagnosis of idiopathic male infertility (IMI), and 46 controls with no alteration in sperm characteristics. Seminal plasma (SP) and urine samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify biomarkers of exposure (the main metabolites of benzene, toluene, 1,3-butadiene, 3-monochloropropanediol, styrene, and naphthol) and effect (oxidized products of nucleic acids).Results: Biomarker concentrations were similar in subjects with IMI and controls even if a stronger correlation between biomarkers of exposure and effects were observed in SP. Data show that, both in SP and urine, most metabolites were inter-correlated, indicating a simultaneous co-exposure to the selected substances at the environmental level. Principal component analysis showed in SP the clustering of mercapturic acids indicating a preferential metabolic pathway with Glutathione (GSH) depletion and, consequently, an increase of oxidative stress. This result was also confirmed by multivariable analysis through the development of explanatory models for oxidized products of nucleic acids. Conclusions: This study highlights how oxidative stress on the male reproductive tract can be associated with a different representation of metabolic pathways making the reproductive tract itself a target organ for different environmental pollutants. Our results demonstrate that SP is a suitable matrix to assess the exposure and evaluate the effects of reproductive toxicants in environmental/occupational medicine. The statistical approach proposed in this work represents a model appropriate to study the relationship between multiple exposure and effect, applicable even to a wider variety of chemicals.

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The association between urinary concentrations of phosphorous-containing flame retardant metabolites and semen parameters among men from a fertility clinic

Abstract: Detection rates were high for BDCIPP, DPHP, and ip-PPP. We did not observe consistent associations between PFR metabolites and semen parameters. Due to the high prevalence of exposure, further investigation of other potential health effects should be conducted.

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Recent biomonitoring reports on phosphate ester flame retardants: a short review

Recent biomonitoring reports on phosphate ester flame retardants: a short review

The association of urinary phosphorous-containing flame retardant metabolites and self-reported personal care and household product use among couples seeking fertility treatment

The Relationship Between Widespread Pollution Exposure and Oxidized Products of Nucleic Acids in Seminal Plasma and Urine in Males Attending a Fertility Center

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