The association between the subjective memory complaints scale and depressive state and cognitive impairment: a factor analysis

Abstract

BackgroundWe aimed to discriminate individuals with depressive state from individuals with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling people using the subjective memory complaints (SMC) scale.MethodsThe study group consisted of 289 volunteers (over 60 years old; 104 males and 185 females). Participants’ SMCs were assessed using the SMC scale. The Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination were administered. Participants whose Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression scores were 16 or higher were defined as the depressive group and participants whose Mini-Mental State Examination scores were less than 24 were defined as the cognitive impairment group. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the factor structure of the items of the SMC scale. A multiple logistic regression analysis of the association between depressive state and cognitive impairment and the score of each factor was performed.ResultsIn the final factor analysis model, six items of the SMC scale remained, and a two-factor structure was adequate. Factor 1 included the items 8, 9, and 10 about thought or the ability to think; thus, Factor 1 was defined as “thought disturbance factor”. Factor 2 included the items 1, 2, and 4 about memory or forgetfulness; thus, Factor 2 was defined as “memory disturbance factor”. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, Factor 1 was significantly associated with depressive state and Factor 2 was significantly associated with cognitive impairment.ConclusionFor individuals with SMCs, we might be able to discriminate depressive state or depression from cognitive impairment or dementia through a detailed investigation using the SMC scale.

Subjective Complaints are Similar in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease when Assessed in a Memory Clinic Setting

“…11 To investigate if different measures of SCD would yield different results in our patient groups, we applied 3 questionnaires that were all frequently used in previous studies of cognitive complaints. 3,6,13,[26][27][28][29] The observation that 1 patient can have an abnormal score on 1 cognitive complaint measure while scoring within the normal range on another, suggests that subjective complaints is not an easily defined or delineated phenomenon, and that different questionnaires developed to assess subjective cognitive impairment only to some degree capture the same phenomenon. Further, the correlations between the CCI-S, the SMC, and the MAC-Q were not very large.…”

Exposome approach for identifying modifiable factors for the prevention of colorectal cancer

“…Next, we conducted a full sample analysis to examine the relationship between all exposome variables and the risk of CRC. Thirdly, factors were employed in multivariable regression models called principal component www.nature.com/scientificreports/ regression analyses [46][47][48][49] . Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the CRC risk hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) related to the exposome factors.…”

“…An eigenvalue > 1.0 was detained. Finally, only exposome factors with loading ± 0.4 were regarded as important in this study 46 . Five domains were extracted from the exposome items, according to the rule that eigenvalues were > 1.0, and varimax rotation was performed to minimise loading complexity for each component.…”

Influência de indicadores biológicos e psicológicos do estresse no declínio subjetivo da memória

“…Ambos instrumentos foram aplicados com a finalidade de excluir candidatos à pesquisa que possuíssem comprometimento cognitivo. A média do escore do MEEM comparada entre os grupos com e sem DSM, também não demostrarou diferença estatística em outros estudos, à despeito da queixa de memória 251,252 , porém, outro dado demonstrou uma progressiva e importante elevação do número de queixosos conforme os escores do MEEM diminuíam (mas ainda dentro da faixa de normalidade) 114 .…”