The Association between the Diversity of Coenzyme Q10 Intake from Dietary Sources and the Risk of New-Onset Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Abstract

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a food active component with blood-pressure-improving properties. However, the association between the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary CoQ10 and new-onset hypertension remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the associations between the diversity and quantity of CoQ10 intake from eight major food sources and new-onset hypertension risk. A total of 11,489 participants were included. Dietary intake was evaluated via three consecutive 24 h recalls and household food inventory. The diversity score of CoQ10 sources was calculated by the sum of food groups consumed in the ideal range. Cox proportional hazard models were used for evaluating their associations with hypertension. Model performance was assessed by ROC analyses and 200-times ten-fold cross-validation. The relationships between CoQ10 and hypertension were U-shaped for meat, egg, vegetable, and fruit sources, inverse J-shaped for fish, and nut sources, and L-shaped for dairy products sources (all p-values < 0.001). A higher diversity score was associated with lower hypertension risk (HR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.64, 0.69)). The mean areas under the ROC curves for 6, 12 and 18 years were 0.81, 0.80 and 0.78, respectively. There is a negative correlation between the diversity of CoQ10 with moderate intake from different sources and new-onset hypertension. One diversity score based on CoQ10 was developed.

Associations between Long-Term Dietary Coenzyme Q10 Intake and New-Onset Hypertension in Adults: Insights from a Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study

“…Nevertheless, we controlled for numerous confounding factors to minimize their potential impact. These findings are consistent with our recent cohort study, which demonstrated a negative association between moderate CoQ10 intake from diverse dietary sources and the incidence of new-onset hypertension [27].…”

“…Specifically, an intervention study on Mediterranean diets demonstrated a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (−5.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, −10.7 to −0.4), which may be attributed to its antioxidant-rich components from fruits, vegetables, and olive oil [35,36]. Furthermore, it was reported that dietary diversity has been associated with improved blood pressure, especially with some healthier rich-CoQ10 choices [27]. Our study indicated that increased CoQ10 intake from dietary sources also means a higher intake of other nutrients (such as fats, potentially posing health risks) [37].…”

“…Additionally, our recent cohort study indicated that the intake of CoQ10 from red meat also exhibited a U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship with new-onset hypertension. Compared to the lowest quantile, the highest quantile intake has an HR of 1.25 (1.11, 1.41) [27]. Therefore, it would be advisable to contemplate the inclusion of supplemental CoQ10 to attain the intended preventive or therapeutic effects.…”

Can Daily Dietary Choices Have a Cardioprotective Effect? Food Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases

“…However, these findings are limited, prompting the need for further research and evaluation of the necessity for additional CoQ10 intake beyond the standard diet. Products that can be considered cardiometabolic-protective due to their CoQ10 content include, among others, wheat germ, fatty fish, oils, and nuts [ 33 ]. It is worth bearing in mind that in addition to CoQ10, these products contain multiple other components, such as vitamin E, plant sterols, and unsaturated fatty acids, the supply of which brings health benefits.…”