The association between the BWA index and winter surface temperature variability over eastern Canada and west Greenland

Shabbar, Amir; Higuchi, Kaz; Skinner, W.; Knox, John L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199709)17:11<1195::aid-joc190>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Labrador Sea (factor 3) presents a temperature minimum during the 1970s, while the opposite (maximum) is valid for central Atlantic (factor 4) during the same period. The cooling detected for 500-700 hPa layer over the Labrador Sea during the last decade, is also detected for the 700-l000 hPa layer and this finding is in agreement with the results of Shabbar et al (1997) for surface temperature variability over the same region. It seems also that in the continental region of N Greenland, the 700 -1000 hPa layer (factor 6) is warmer during the last years in relation to the long term mean, while this does not appear for the 500 -700 hPa layer (factor 9).…”

Section: Data and Methods Usedsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…There is a similarity between the scores time series and the temporal variation of the Baffin Island -West Atlantic (BWA) index. This index reflects the variability of the western structure of the NAO and has been found to explain temperature variability better in the above area than the structure characterized by the NAO index (Shabbar et al, 1997). The negative trend of the BWA index and the corresponding positive trend of the NAO index since about 1980 are in accordance with the W 2 , V 2 time series and the temperature decrease over the Labrador Sea area (World Meteorological Organization, 1998).…”

Section: Data and Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Winter temperature covariances in the middle and the lower troposphere over Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean

Lolis¹,

Bartzokas²

2001

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this work, the variability and covariability of winter temperatures in the middle and the lower troposphere are studied over Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean. Temperature variations of the middle and the lower troposphere are examined in terms of (a) 500-700 hPa and 700 -l000 hPa thickness and (b) air temperature on the isobaric surfaces of 500 hPa and 700 hPa. At first, factor analysis (FA) defined areas with characteristic temperature variability in each layer (and on each isobaric surface) and then, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed areas in both layers (and on both isobaric surfaces) presenting common temperature variations. A temperature see-saw between N Europe and W Asia was revealed for both layers and isobaric surfaces implying that temperature changes in these areas are vertically spread. Another well-defined area, appearing in both analyses, is the area of the Labrador Sea and S Greenland. This region is also teleconnected to other regions, though not very clearly in every height. These temperature patterns are mainly attributed to the Eurasian (EU) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) circulation patterns, which are responsible for large air mass exchanges in the area, being vertically extended in the middle and the lower troposphere.

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Section: Data and Methods Usedsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Data and Methods Usedmentioning

confidence: 92%

Winter temperature covariances in the middle and the lower troposphere over Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean

Lolis¹,

Bartzokas²

2001

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…In fact, cooling in northeastern Canada in the last five decades is part of a general decline in northern North Atlantic temperature (Morgan et al, 1993). Winter temperature variability in northeastern Canada at decadal and longer timescales is closely connected with variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation at the same timescales (Shabbar et al, 1997). The warming trend in western Canada is also closely matched by strong warming in sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern Northern Pacific.…”

Section: Trends In Canadian Climate / 419mentioning

confidence: 88%

Temperature and precipitation trends in Canada during the 20th century

Zhang¹,

Vincent²,

Hogg³

et al. 2000

Atmosphere-Ocean

953

574

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Trends in Canadian temperature and precipitation during the 20th century are analyzed using recently updated and adjusted station data. Six elements, maximum, minimum and mean temperatures along with diurnal temperature range (DTR), precipitation totals and ratio of snowfall to total precipitation are investigated. Anomalies from the IntroductionRecent analyses of climate trends indicate that the global mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.3 to 0.68C since the late 19th century, and by about 0.2 to 0.38C over the last 40 years (e.g., Nicholls et al., 1996). These studies have also shown that daily minimum temperatures have often increased at a greater rate than maximum temperatures, resulting in a decrease in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) for several regions of the world. There has been a small positive trend in global precipitation, of about 1% during the 20th century over land, with a greater increase in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, especially during the cold season. Considerable spatial and temporal variations have occurred over the past 100 years, and these tendencies of warming, increased precipitation and reduction of DTR have not been globally uniform. For example, Nicholls et al. (1996) showed warming in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere continents in winter and spring, and year-round cooling in the northwest North Atlantic and mid-latitudes over the North Pacific in the past four decades. Understanding the observed climate trends

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“…Furthermore, they are both known to exert a noticeable influence on Canadian climate (e.g. Hurrell, 1996;Dai et al, 1997;Shabbar et al, 1997;Cayan et al, 1998).…”

Section: Relationships With Modes Of Atmospheric Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%