The association between teat end hyperkeratosis and teat canal microbial load in lactating dairy cattle

Paduch, Jan-Hendrik; Möhr, E.; Krömker, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.032

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In contrast, associations of high teat end scores with a high infection rate of Staph. aureus (Zadoks et al, 2001), high loads of Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli in the teat canals (Paduch et al, 2012;Zoche-Golob et al, 2015), and occurrence of clinical mastitis (Neijenhuis et al, 2001) were described by others. Recently, De Visscher et al (2016) found an increased risk for IMI with Staph, chromogenes, Staph.…”

Section: Variance Componentsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Quarter- and cow-level risk factors for intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci species in Swiss dairy cows

Dolder

Borne

Traversari

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bacteriological status, evaluation of udder symmetry, udder hygiene, and teat end scores of 92 dairy cows were assessed on 3 Swiss dairy farms in a longitudinal 1-yr study to determine risk factors for intramammary infection (IMI) with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) species. Farm visits were performed monthly including sterile quarter milk sampling and udder evaluation of all lactating cows. Milk samples were evaluated for the presence of staphylococci using selective agar plates. Species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Intramammary infection was defined as milk samples having ≥100 cfu per mL of milk according to culture results. Overall, 3,151 quarter samples were included in the statistical analysis. Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and a Staphylococcus warneri-like species were the 4 most prevalent CNS species found. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were built to evaluate risk factors for species-specific CNS IMI. Risk factors for Staph. chromogenes IMI were presence in herd B, the period from June 2014 to August 2014 and December 2014 to February 2015, and presence of udder edema. For Staph. haemolyticus, the relevant risk factor included coinfection with Staph. xylosus coinfection with other than the above-mentioned CNS species ("others") and the period from June 2014 to November 2014. Coinfection with Staph. haemolyticus and "others," the periods from June 2014 to August 2014 and December 2014 to February 2015, early phase of lactation (1-60 d in milk), and belonging to herd B were significantly associated with Staph. xylosus IMI. Mid and late lactation, coinfection with Staph. xylosus, and the period September 2014 to May 2015 were identified as significant risk factors for Staph. warneri-like IMI. For Staph. chromogenes, 60.6 and 26% of the variance was observed at the quarter and cow level, respectively, whereas for the other investigated species the highest variance was observed at the sample level. The predominant species within herds differed and was most pronounced for the Staph. warneri-like species.

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Section: Variance Componentsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Quarter- and cow-level risk factors for intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci species in Swiss dairy cows

Dolder

Borne

Traversari

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Teat skin lesions can be colonized by a variety of bacteria, serving as a reservoir of infection (Paduch et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management factors and cow traits influencing milk somatic cell counts and teat hyperkeratosis during different seasons

et al. 2014

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-The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of season, parity, stage of lactation and milking procedures on teat-end condition, cow cleanliness and milk somatic cell count (SCC) and identify risk factors associated with milk somatic cell counts greater than 100,000 cells/mL. A group of 15 Italian dairy farms were visited three times during different seasons: the cold (3.8 °C), the hot (23.5 °C) and the mild (12.1 °C) seasons. Hygiene of udder, flanks and legs was scored on 2,330 cows based on a 4-point scale system, from very clean (score 1) to very dirty skin (score 4). On the same cows, a total of 9,201 teats were assessed for teat-end condition and assigned to four different classes of hyperkeratosis: No lesion (N), Smooth ring (S), Rough (R) and Very rough skin (VR). The average percentage of teats classified in the worst classes of hyperkeratosis (R and VR) equaled 15.9%. Teat hyperkeratosis, cow cleanliness and milk somatic cell count were significantly affected by the season. Teat condition was significantly better in primiparous than in multiparous cows and deteriorated during lactation. Cows with the lowest values of SCC, better teat conditions and better hygiene scores were found in the farms where more than one milking practice (among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping) were performed. Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that parity and days of lactation significantly influence the risk of high somatic cell count. Among environmental and management aspects, clean udders and pre-dipping are associated with a reduced likelihood to have individual cows with milk SCC greater than 100,000 cells/mL. Teat hyperkeratosis does not seem to be a risk factor of high SCC. Milk somatic cell count can be lowered by means of simple actions such as improvement of hygiene condition of cow environment and adoption of pre-dipping.

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“…Furthermore, bovine faeces (and with that, the intestinal mucosa) also contribute strongly to its dissemination in the environment [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Despite the detection of S. uberis in bovine teat canals, it remains unclear if-unlike cow-associated mastitis pathogens like Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and S. agalactiae-the environmental-associated pathogen S. uberis is able to colonize the teat canal epithelium [46][47][48].…”

Section: Epidemiology Habitats and Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the absence of callous rings may be associated with an increased mastitis risk. Paduch et al [48] could show that the teat canal microbial load of S. uberis is associated with teat end hyperkeratosis. In the study of Moyes et al [76] regarding the negative energy balance, udders were infected experimentally with S. uberis.…”

Section: Intramammary Infections and Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Streptococcus uberis Intramammary Infections and Mastitis

Krömker¹

2014

Clin Microbial

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Streptococcus (S.) uberis is a causative agent for clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis which significance for the udder health has increased over the last decades. Molecular diagnosis methods revealed that S. uberis may be subdivided into many different varieties with different epidemiological properties. In addition, some varieties were reclassified as Streptococcus parauberis and Globicatella sanguinis. The present paper reviews S. uberis and its role in modern dairy farming. This pathogen is ubiquitous for which it is considered as environment-associated. Straw bedding and pasture, but also the bovine skin and digestive mucosae are typical localizations inhabited by S. uberis. Due to its capacity to persist within the mammary tissue, some infections may eventually turn cow-associated. In other cases, the infection is short, but in any case, there is a high risk of re-infection. Although many varieties remain susceptible to most antimicrobial agents, the problem for the dairy farm lies in the high rate of re-infection. This paper also reviews risk factors, therapies and measures to control S. uberis at farm level.

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The association between teat end hyperkeratosis and teat canal microbial load in lactating dairy cattle

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Quarter- and cow-level risk factors for intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci species in Swiss dairy cows

Quarter- and cow-level risk factors for intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci species in Swiss dairy cows

Management factors and cow traits influencing milk somatic cell counts and teat hyperkeratosis during different seasons

Bovine Streptococcus uberis Intramammary Infections and Mastitis

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