The Association between Suicide Attempts and<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Infection

Bak, Jeongjae; Shim, Se-Hoon; Kwon, Young Joon; Lee, Hwa Young; Kim, Ji Sun; Yoon, Hee-Jung; Lee, Yeon Jung

doi:10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.95

Cited by 37 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Prevalence of infection with T. gondii has been found higher in psychiatric patients than in controls (6–8). Infections with T. gondii have been associated with suicide attempts (9–11), mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (12), schizophrenia (13–15), depression (16), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (13). There is increasing evidence of an association between infection with T. gondii and bipolar disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case–Control Seroprevalence Study on the Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Bipolar Disorder

2019

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Background and Aims: Infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii has been associated with bipolar disorder in several countries other than Mexico. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between seropositivity to T. gondii and bipolar disorder in a Mexican population.Methods: We performed an age- and gender-matched case–control study of 66 patients with bipolar disorder (WHO International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code: F31) and 396 subjects without this disorder from the general population. Anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassays.Results: Six (9.1%) of the 66 patients with bipolar disorder and 22 (5.6%) of the 396 controls had anti–T. gondii IgG antibodies (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66–4.36; P = 0.26). Stratification by gender and age did not show a difference in seroprevalence between cases and controls. The frequency of high (> 150 international units/ml) anti–T. gondii IgG levels was similar in cases (n = 2) and in controls (n = 12) (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.21–4.57; P = 1.00). Stratification by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision F31 codes showed that patients with F31.3 code had a higher seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than their age- and gender-matched controls (OR = 16.4; 95% CI = 1.25–215.09; P = 0.04). None of the six anti–T. gondii IgG–seropositive patients with bipolar disorder and 4 (18.2%) of the 22 anti–T. gondii IgG–seropositive controls had anti–T. gondii IgM antibodies (P = 0.54).Conclusions: Our results suggest that T. gondii seropositivity is not associated with bipolar disorder in general. However, a specific type of bipolar disorder (F31.3) might be associated with T. gondii seropositivity. Further research to elucidate the role of T. gondii infection in bipolar disorder is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case–Control Seroprevalence Study on the Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Bipolar Disorder

2019

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“…Thereafter, 9,130 records were excluded through an initial screening of the titles and/or abstracts. The remaining 85 full-text articles were assessed, out of which 27 studies were further compared against our inclusion criteria (Akgül, 2019;Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2015;Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2013;Ansari-Lari et al, 2017;Arling et al, 2009;Bak et al, 2018;Burgdorf et al, 2019;Coccaro et al, 2016;Coryell et al, 2016;Dickerson et al, 2018;Dickerson et al, 2017;Ene et al, 2016;Fond et al, 2015;Fond et al, 2018;Gale et al, 2016;Okusaga et al, 2011;Pedersen et al, 2012;Samojlowicz et al, 2013;Samojłowicz et al, 2017;Sapmaz et al, 2019;Sari & Kara, 2019;Sugden et al, 2016;Yagmur et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2012). Finally, 26 data sets from the 25 records were included in this meta-analysis ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two other papers were non-comparative due to the lack of detailed information concerning the rate of T. gondii IgG antibodies to suicide, but no for IgM; therefore, they were ruled out of the quantitative analysis (Dickerson et al, 2017(Dickerson et al, , 2018. Information and characteristics of the selected studies which were included in the review are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Out of 27 included studies, 12 articles were case-control studies (Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2015;Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2013;Ansari-Lari et al, 2017;Arling et al, 2009;Bak et al, 2018;Burgdorf et al, 2019;Coryell et al, 2016;Samojlowicz et al, 2013;Samojłowicz et al, 2017;Sari & Kara, 2019;Yagmur et al, 2010), 11 studies were cross-sectional (Akgül, 2019;Coccaro et al, 2016;Dickerson et al, 2017;Ene et al, 2016;Fond et al, 2015;Gale et al, 2016;Okusaga et al, 2011;Sapmaz et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2012), and four were cohort studies (Dickerson et al, 2018;Fond et al, 2018;Pedersen et al, 2012;Sugden et al, 2016) (Table 1). As displayed in Table 2 for anti-T. gondii IgG, our meta-analysis of the 26 included data sets was performed on 64,159 individuals, including 3,804 patients with suicide disorders and 60,355 controls.…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available data suggest that a positive T. gondii antibody titre is probably linked to affective and behavioural changes, as demonstrated in animal and human models (Duffy et al, 2015) (Flegr, 2007;Mann, 2003;Webster, 2001Webster, , 2007. Although some available findings demonstrated a hypothesized relationship between suicide rates and T. gondii infection (Akgül, 2019;Bak et al, 2018;Burgdorf et al, 2019;Pedersen, Mortensen, Norgaard-Pedersen, & Postolache, 2012;Samojłowicz, Borowska-Solonynko, & Kruczyk, 2017;Sapmaz, Şen, Özkan, & Kandemir, 2019;Yagmur, Yazar, Temel, & Cavusoglu, 2010), contradictory results also exist in this regard (Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2015;Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2013;Ansari-Lari, Farashbandi, & Mohammadi, 2017;Arling et al, 2009;Coccaro et al, 2016;Coryell et al, 2016;Fond et al, 2015;Fond et al, 2018;Gale, Berrett, Brown, Erickson, & Hedges, 2016;Samojlowicz, Borowska-Solonynko, & Golab, 2013;Sari & Kara, 2019;Sugden et al, 2016;Yolken & Torrey, 2008;Zhang et al, 2012). For SA, we updated the findings of the previous meta-analysis (Sutterland et al, 2019), apart from the inclusion of more databases and articles on SA in an attempt to improve the statistical power to assess the association between T. gondii infection and SA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary puzzle of Toxoplasma gondii with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Amouei

Moosazadeh

Nayeri

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The World Health Organization has reported an annual global suicide rate of 14.5 per 100,000 people. On the other hand, it is estimated that approximately one‐third of the global population are infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite. It is widely assumed that microbial pathogens, such as T. gondii, are probably associated with affective and behavioural modulation. The present article aimed to assess the proposed role of toxoplasmosis in raising the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) using the available epidemiological data. Seven major electronic databases and the Internet search engine Google were searched for all the studies published between the 1st of January 1950 and 31st of October 2019. The heterogeneity and the risk of bias within and across studies were assessed. Following data extraction, pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) across studies were calculated using the random‐effects models. A total number of 9,696 articles were screened and 27 studies were regarded as eligible in our systematic review (SI with five papers and 22 papers on SA). A significant association was detected between antibodies against T. gondii with TA (ORs = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–2.00, p = .000). Exploration of the association between T. gondii and SA yielded a positive effect of seropositivity for IgG antibodies but not IgM. Despite the limited number of studies, a statistical association was detected between suicidal behaviours and infection with latent T. gondii.

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“…Latent toxoplasmosis is considered to be mostly harmless in immunocompetent hosts. Immunocompromised individuals such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), transplant, or cancer patients treated with immunosuppressive agents may have severe consequences [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the association between latent toxoplasmosis and suicide attempts among adolescents

Yücel

Açıkel

Şenel

2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: There have been several studies investigating the association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and psychiatric disorders although there is insufficient data on causality. Suicide, depression, and anxiety disorders have been especially investigated in this regard. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is any causal association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and suicide attempts in adolescents. Methodology: This is a case-control study conducted between January and December 2019. A total of 27 adolescents who had attempted suicide and were aged between 12 and 18 years were included in the study. 26 age and sex ratio matched healthy volunteers were taken as the control group. A possible association between suicide attempts and Toxoplasma gondii serology (IgM and IgG) was investigated.. Results: The suicide attempt group consisted of 17 females and 10 males. The mean age was 15.9 ± 1.4 (13.5-17.9) years. Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositivity was 3.7% (1/27) in the suicide attempt group and 3.8% (1/26) in the control group. There was no significant association between the suicide attempt group and the control group in terms of the presence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study is one of the few studies examining the association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and suicide attempts in adolescents yet we did not find any significant association. Further evidence is needed to clarify this controversial issue.

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The Association between Suicide Attempts andToxoplasma gondiiInfection

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

A Case–Control Seroprevalence Study on the Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Bipolar Disorder

A Case–Control Seroprevalence Study on the Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Bipolar Disorder

Evolutionary puzzle of Toxoplasma gondii with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

An investigation into the association between latent toxoplasmosis and suicide attempts among adolescents

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