The association between species of <i>Trichodorus</i> and <i>Paratrichodorus</i> vector nematodes and serotypes of tobacco rattle tobravirus

Ploeg, Antoon T.; Brown, D. J. F.; Robinson, David J.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1992.tb03471.x

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For each of the reconstituted 'parent' combinations (B1B2 and K1K2) one single lesion isolate, and for each of the two pseudorecombinants four single lesion isolates (B1K2~d and K1B2~a ), were propagated in N. clevelandii. The eight selected pseudorecombinant isolates (B1K2~a, K1B2~_o), the reconstituted isolates (B1B2 and K1K2) and isolates PPK20 and PLB all gave positive reactions in F(ab')2-ELISA (Barbara & Clark, 1982;Ploeg et al, 1992a) when virus particles were trapped with the F(ab')2 fragment and detected with y-globulin of PRN antiserum (A4ossample/A4o~healthy > 4). However, when monoclonal antibody SCR81, which was prepared using isolate PLB as immunogen (F. J. Legorburu, personal communication), was used instead as the detecting antibody (in tissue culture fluid, diluted 1/30), only the four K1B2 pseudorecombinant isolates, the reconstituted isolate B1B2 and isolate PLB gave positive reactions (A4ossample/A~o~healthy > 10), whereas the four B1K2 pseudorecombinant isolates, the reconstituted K1K2 isolate and isolate PPK20 failed to react (A~ossample/A4o~healthy < 1.5).…”

Section: Rna-2 Of Tobacco Rattle Virus Encodes the Determinants Of Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brown et al (1989a) and Ploeg et al (1992a) reported that different trichodorid species were associated with serologically distinct TRV isolates. Ploeg et al (1992b) subsequently demonstrated that initially virus-free Paratrichodorus pachydermus successfully acquired and transmitted only TRV isolates belonging to the PRN serotype, with which this vector species was associated in the field.…”

Section: Rna-2 Of Tobacco Rattle Virus Encodes the Determinants Of Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPK20 was isolated from Petunia hybrida roots and was originally transmitted by an individual P. pachydermus from Kinshaldy, Scotland (Ploeg et al, 1992a). NM-type isolates, which contain RNA-1 but not RNA-2 or particle protein, were derived from PLB and PPK20 essentially as described by Robinson & Harrison (1985b).…”

Section: Rna-2 Of Tobacco Rattle Virus Encodes the Determinants Of Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RNA-2 of tobacco rattle virus encodes the determinants of transmissibility by trichodorid vector nematodes

Ploeg¹,

Robinson²,

Brown³

1993

Journal of General Virology

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Pseudorecombinant isolates produced from an efficiently transmitted and a non-transmitted isolate of tobacco rattle tobravirus were tested for their transmissibility by trichodorid vector nematodes. Isolates with RNA-2 originating from the non-transmissible isolate were not transmitted by the vector, whereas isolates with RNA-2 originating from the efficiently transmitted isolate were transmitted efficiently. It is therefore concluded that the factor determining vector transmissibility is located on the RNA-2 genome segment of TRV. Because the serological properties of the isolates also correlate with transmissibility, it is likely that the virus particle protein is involved in the transmission process.

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Section: Rna-2 Of Tobacco Rattle Virus Encodes the Determinants Of Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rna-2 Of Tobacco Rattle Virus Encodes the Determinants Of Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rna-2 Of Tobacco Rattle Virus Encodes the Determinants Of Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

RNA-2 of tobacco rattle virus encodes the determinants of transmissibility by trichodorid vector nematodes

Ploeg¹,

Robinson²,

Brown³

1993

Journal of General Virology

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“…In The Netherlands, Paratrichodorus teres, P. pachydermus and Trichodorus similis are the major vectors of TRV in flowerbulb growing areas (Ploeg et al, 1991). These vector species transmit serologically distinct isolates of TRV (Ploeg et al, 1992). Host finding by P. teres appears to be very effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Green Manure Crops and Organic Amendments on Incidence of Nematode-Borne Tobacco Rattle Virus

Zoon¹,

Bruggen²,

Heij³

et al. 2002

Acta Hortic.

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Tobacco rattle tobravirus (TRV) may infect several ornamental bulb crops and is transmitted by trichodorid nematodes. Paratrichodorus teres, P. pachydermus and Trichodorus similis are the main vectors in the Netherlands. In field experiments the effects of various pre -crops and organic amendments on the TRV Infection Potential of Soils (TRV-IPS) and on disease level in tulip and gladiolus were studied. Organic matter amendment of soil at a rate of 1% dry weight has been shown to reduce the host finding activity of P. teres under laboratory conditions. In a field containing viruliferous P. teres dahlia, italian ryegrass, white mustard and fodder radish were grown or the soil was kept fallow and the re sulting TRV-IPS prior to the bulbous test crops was measured by a soil dilution bait test method. The application of organic matter was tested after dahlia as pre -crop. Household waste compost (GFT compost) was applied as a soil mix or planting furrow treatment at 12 tons dry weight per ha for tulip and gladiolus. Spent mushroom compost (Champost) was added as planting furrow treatment at 17 or 12 tons dw/ha, respectively, for tulip and gladiolus. The percentage of TRV diseased plants was determined at flowering in all pre -crop and organic amendment treatments. Champost in the planting furrow and fodder radish as a preceding crop reduced the percentage infection in tulip under favourable conditions for TRV infection. In gladiolus most organic amendments, fodder radish as pre -crop and keeping the soil fallow reduced the TRV infection rate of the plants during the first growing season, but not of the plants grown from the corms in the next year. INTRODUCTIONTobacco rattle tobravirus (TRV) is transmitted by t richodorid nematodes (Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus spp.: Trichodoridae) and infects several bulbous and perennial ornamental crops, causing growth reduction and quality loss due to specific symptoms, such as necrotic lesions on leaves, plant malformation or flower colour breaking (Asjes, 1989). This virus-vector complex also causes disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum), with growth reduction, stem mottle and corky ring necrosis (spraing) in the tubers, as well as in pepper ( Capsicum annuum) with chlorotic rings on leaves and malformed fruits (Taylor and Brown, 1997). The disease is called rattle (ratel) in tulip, notched leaf (kartelblad) in gladiolus, and malaria in hyacinth. Symptoms can occur during the season in which infection took place (primary infection), but also in the next

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“…This may be due to the relative paucity of PEBV isolates described so far or it may be due to a more fundamental property of the viruses. In this paper, we report the construction of an infectious cDNA clone of RNA2 of TRV isolate PPK20 (Ploeg et al, 1992 ;Hernandez et al, 1995) and the generation of hybrids between this clone and an infectious clone of PEBV RNA2 (MacFarlane et al, 1996). Experiments were carried out to compare the ability of TRV RNA1 and PEBV RNA1 to replicate hybrid RNA2 molecules containing heterologous 5h-terminal or 3h-terminal regions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of in vitro tobravirus recombinants shows that the specificity of template recognition is determined by 5' non-coding but not 3' non-coding sequences.

Mueller¹,

Mooney²,

MacFarlane³

1997

Journal of General Virology

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Natural recombinant tobacco rattle tobravirus (TRV) isolates contain sequences from a different tobravirus, pea early browning virus (PEBV). To characterize the sequence requirements for viable recombinant formation hybrid cDNA clones of RNA2 of PEBV and TRV were assembled. Inclusion of 320 nt from the 5h terminus of PEBV or 335 nt from the 5h terminus of TRV in the hybrid RNAs was sufficient to permit their replication by, respectively, PEBV RNA1 or TRV RNA1 regardless of the origin of the 3h terminal region. However, PEBV RNA1 but not TRV RNA1 was sometimes able to support low level replication of RNA2 containing the heterologous 5h terminal region. In vitro translation of PEBV transcripts containing 5h noncoding region deletions supported the hypothesis that in vivo the PEBV coat protein (CP) is expressed from a subgenomic RNA and that, therefore, in the recombinants the CP subgenomic promoter probably is recognized by the replicase of the heterologous virus.The tobraviruses, which include tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and pea early browning virus (PEBV), have a genome comprising two single-stranded, positive-sense RNAs. The larger genomic RNA (RNA1, ca. 7000 nt) encodes all the functions necessary for replication and intraplant movement and can cause systemic infection in the absence of the smaller RNA (RNA2, ca. 2000-4000 nt) which encodes the coat protein and in some instances one or more additional proteins. The tobraviruses are differentiated from one another by host range, serological properties and by their ability to form viable pseudorecombinant isolates only when both RNAs are derived from the same virus. Thus, for example, RNA2 of different isolates of TRV can be successfully combined with RNA1 from any isolate of TRV but RNA2 of PEBV cannot be combined with TRV RNA1 (Harrison & Robinson, 1986 ;Robinson & Harrison, 1985).This situation is complicated by the existence of so-called anomalous isolates of TRV which cause infections typical of TRV but react with antisera specific for PEBV. Two such isolates have been studied in some detail ; I6 is serologically related to the British serotype of PEBV (PEBV-B), while TCM is serologically related to Dutch PEBV (PEBV-D) (Angenent et al., 1986 ;Robinson et al., 1987). DNA sequencing of the termini of I6 RNA2 showed that about 275 nt at the 5h end are from TRV but that the 3h end was derived from PEBV (Robinson, 1994). TRV isolate TCM has an even more unusual construction ; about 150 nt at the 5h end are from TRV RNA2, the central 2100 nt are from PEBV-D RNA2, while 1100 nt at the 3h terminus are from TRV RNA1 (Angenent et al., 1986). These isolates are thought to have arisen by recombination during replication in plants infected with both viruses. Recombination between TRV RNAs 1 and 2 has been detected during passage of a TRV isolate derived from an infectious cDNA clone (Hernandez et al., 1996) but experimental demonstration of recombination between TRV and PEBV has not been achieved.Although natural recombinant isolates of TRV have been found, no isolates o...

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The association between species of Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus vector nematodes and serotypes of tobacco rattle tobravirus

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

RNA-2 of tobacco rattle virus encodes the determinants of transmissibility by trichodorid vector nematodes

RNA-2 of tobacco rattle virus encodes the determinants of transmissibility by trichodorid vector nematodes

Effect of Green Manure Crops and Organic Amendments on Incidence of Nematode-Borne Tobacco Rattle Virus

Replication of in vitro tobravirus recombinants shows that the specificity of template recognition is determined by 5' non-coding but not 3' non-coding sequences.

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