The association between sialolithiasis and smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity in Korea: a nested case-control study

Abstract

Background: Smoking and alcohol consumption are the most common social habits in patients with sialolithiasis. Moreover, obesity has been reported to have a significant association with poor oral hygiene, one of the causes of sialolithiasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships among tobacco smoking, drinking alcohol, obesity and sialolithiasis in a Korean population. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, which includes patients ≥40 years old, was assessed from 2002 to 2013. A total of 947 sialolithiasis participants were matched with 3788 control subjects at a ratio of 1:4 with respect to age group, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed the participants' previous histories of smoking (current or past smokers compared to nonsmokers) and alcohol consumption (≥ 1 time per week compared to < 1 time per week) in the sialolithiasis and control groups. Obesity was measured using body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2), which was categorized as < 18.5 (underweight), ≥ 18.5 and < 23 (normal), ≥ 23 and < 25 (overweight), ≥ 25 and < 30 (obese I), and ≥ 30 (obese II). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: The rate of smoking was higher in the sialolithiasis group (32.4% [307/947]) than in the control group (29.1% [1103/3788], P = 0.047). The adjusted OR of smoking for the sialolithiasis group was 1.31 (95% CI = 1.08-1.59, P = 0.006). Alcohol consumption and obesity were not statistically significantly related to sialolithiasis. Conclusion: The odds of smoking were increased in sialolithiasis patients compared with control subjects in the population ≥ 40 years of age.

Identification of biological components for sialolith formation organized in circular multi-layers

“…However, based on our experience and the literature review, endoscopic sialolith removal does not result in sialolith formation. Regarding the habit, a previous study found a positive association between sialolithiasis and tobacco smoking in a population of ≤ 40 years-old 36 . And considering the systemic metabolism, sialoliths tend to be unilateral, which argues against a systemic metabolism and suggests local factors play major roles 37 .…”

The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study

“…The symptoms and effects of dry mouth depend on these flow rates [ 27 ]. It has also been shown that smoking has an adverse effect on the quantity and quality of an individual’s saliva [ 18 , 28 , 29 ]. Therefore, the evidence supports that female smokers have a higher risk of developing dry mouth, as shown by the results of the present study with regard to female daily smokers and female non-smokers.…”

Sialolito de grandes proporções em glândula submandibular

“…Os fatores etiológicos desta patologia ainda não são claros, hipóteses incluem questões anatômicas, que afetam a formação ou o fluxo salivar, e fatores composicionais, como aumento do teor de cálcio e funções enzimáticas alteradas, infecção, inflamação, trauma físico do ducto ou da glândula (Hammett & Walker, 2019). Alguns hábitos também podem ser relacionados a sialolitíase como a diminuição da ingestão de líquidos, medicamentos que reduzem o fluxo salivar e o tabaco (Jin et al, 2020;Ungari et al, 2022).…”