The association between serum vitamin D level and risk and prognosis of melanoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Tsai, Tsung-Ting; Kuo, Che Yuan; Huang, Yu‐Chen

doi:10.1111/jdv.16189

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Nevertheless, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of vitamin D have indeed been demonstrated in animal and in vitro studies 94,95 , and 1,25(OH)D has been shown to regulate multiple signaling pathways involved in differentiation, inflammation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis 17 . Recently, a pooled analysis of 25 studies showed that lower vitamin D levels were associated with higher Breslow thickness and mortality rates in patients with melanoma 96 . Several studies suggested that higher vitamin D levels may confer better prognosis from melanoma including Breslow thickness 30,97 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and skin cancer risk: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Mahamat‐Saleh

Aune

Schlesinger

2020

Sci Rep

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Sun exposure is a major environmental risk factor for skin cancers and is also an important source of vitamin D. However, while experimental evidence suggests that vitamin D may have a protective effect on skin cancer risk, epidemiologic studies investigating the influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and/or vitamin D intake on skin cancer risk are conflicting. A systematic review and dose-response meta-analyses of prospective studies was conducted to clarify these associations. Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed database up to 30th August 2019. Random effects dose-response meta-analyses were used to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, thirteen prospective studies were included. Circulating level of 25(OH)D was associated with higher risks of melanoma (SRR (95% CI) per 30 nmol = 1.42 (1.17-1.72)) and keratinocyte cancer (KC) (SRR (95% CI) per 30 nmol/L = 1.30 (1.13-1.49)). The SRR (95% CI) per 30 nmol/L increase in 25(OH) D level was 1.41 (1.19-1.67), and 1.57 (0.64-3.86), for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), respectively. However, while we found that vitamin D intake (from diet, supplemental and total) was not associated with risks of melanoma and SCC, vitamin D intake was associated with slightly increased BCC risk, albeit with no heterogeneity across skin cancer type. This meta-analysis suggests positive associations between circulating 25(OH) D level and risk of melanoma and KC, however, this finding is most likely confounded by sun exposure. We found no associations between vitamin D intake skin cancers, except positive associations with BCC risk. Skin cancers are the most common type of malignancies in Caucasian populations 1 and their incidence has risen worldwide over the past decades 2-4. Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer 5 , with highest incidence rates observed in Australia and New Zealand, followed by Northern America and Europe, and the lowest rates in Asian and African populations 1. Although keratinocyte cancers (KCs), namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), have low mortality rate, they have relevant impact on quality of life and healthcare costs 6,7. The incidence of skin cancer has been expected to increase over the coming decades due to the increasing intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation received at the Earth's surface, which is caused by ozone depletion and global warming 8. Established risk factors for skin cancer include sun exposure 9, which is currently the only factor on which prevention can be based, pigmentary traits 10, and family history of skin cancer 11. However, some dietary factors, such as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory-rich diet, have been suggested to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and skin cancer risk: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Mahamat‐Saleh

Aune

Schlesinger

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, other studies suggest that vitamin D limits invasion and angiogenesis of tumour cells. Furthermore, VDR genetic mutations correlate with an increased risk to incur in melanoma and with a graver prognosis 21,22 . www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Finally, the trend that emerges in this study recognizes lower VDSL in association with negative prognostic factors and advanced stage neoplasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vitamin D serum levels in prevention of primary and recurrent melanoma

Lombardo¹,

Vigezzi

Ietto

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Patients afflicted with melanoma show lower vitamin D serum levels (VDSL) than the healthy population. This hypothesis agrees with its well-known antiproliferative features. An observational study was carried out to collect VDSL in patients suffering from melanoma. Our aim was to identify a potential connection between low VDSL and the risk to incur melanoma. Furthermore, we studied the association between VDSL at the diagnosis of melanoma and other germane prognostic factors. The population held in regard was composed of 154 patients with a diagnosis of melanoma between 2016 and 2019. These patients were retrospectively collected from our follow-up storage. We compared VDSL to clinical and pathological parameters (age, sex, tumour location, Breslow’s depth, Clark’s level, histological subtype, ulceration, et aliqua). Moreover, we recruited a control group with negative melanoma history. Mean and median of VDSL were significantly lower in the melanoma group. Instead, we found a negative association between melanoma and VDSL > 30 ng/L (OR 0.11; p < 0.0001). No correlation between VDSL and both Breslow’s depth and Clark’s level was discovered, but the VDSL comparison between thin (depth ≤ 1 mm) and thick tumours (depth > 1 mm) revealed a statistically significant difference (21.1 ± 8.2 ng/L vs 17.8 ± 8.1; p = 0.01). Moreover, VDSL were significantly lower in melanomas with mitotic rate ≥ 1/mm2 (22.1 ± 8.3 ng/L; p < 0007). Nevertheless, no connection was found between VDSL and both ulceration and positive sentinel nodes (p = 0.76; p = 0.74). Besides, our study revealed no association between VDSL and histological subtype (p = 0.161). Lower VDSL correlate with thick and high mitotic rate tumours. Future prospective studies would investigate if appropriate upkeep of suitable VDSL can decrease the risk of primary and recurrent melanoma diagnosis.

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“…Interestingly, vitamin D insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL) versus deficiency (≤20 ng/mL) was found to be significantly inversely associated with melanoma (OR = 0.13, 0.06-0.27, p < 0.001), suggesting that the more vitamin D approaches normal values, the lower the OR, and the greater the protective action. Moreover, in a pooled analysis of 25 studies, 25(OH)vit D levels showed an inverse association with Breslow thickness (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.24, 0.16-0.33, p < 0.001 for ≤1 vs. >1 mm thickness) and mortality rates in melanoma patients (HR = 1.56, 1.26-1.93, p < 0.001) [101].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Melanoma: From Prevention to Therapy—An Update

et al. 2021

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Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer, whose incidence rates have increased over the past few decades. Risk factors for melanoma are both intrinsic (genetic and familiar predisposition) and extrinsic (environment, including sun exposure, and lifestyle). The recent advent of targeted and immune-based therapies has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma, and research is focusing on strategies to optimize them. Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancer types, but its possible role in the etiology of melanoma is controversial. Body mass index, body surface area, and height have been related to the risk for cutaneous melanoma, although an ‘obesity paradox’ has been described too. Increasing evidence suggests the role of nutritional factors in the prevention and management of melanoma. Several studies have demonstrated the impact of dietary attitudes, specific foods, and nutrients both on the risk for melanoma and on the progression of the disease, via the effects on the oncological treatments. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the main literature results regarding the preventive and therapeutic role of nutritional schemes, specific foods, and nutrients on melanoma incidence and progression.

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The association between serum vitamin D level and risk and prognosis of melanoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 45 publications

25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and skin cancer risk: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

25-Hydroxyvitamin D status, vitamin D intake, and skin cancer risk: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Role of vitamin D serum levels in prevention of primary and recurrent melanoma

Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Melanoma: From Prevention to Therapy—An Update

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