The Association Between Serum Vitamin D3 Levels and Autism Among Jordanian Boys

Alzghoul, Loai; AL-Eitan, Laith N.; Aladawi, Mohammad; Odeh, Maher; Hantash, Osama Abu

doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04017-w

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Lastly, 34 eligible articles (a total of 20,580 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 26 case–control studies [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 48 , 49 , 50 ] (1792 ASDs, 1969 controls) reported the blood vitamin D concentration of children and adolescents; three case–control studies [ 42 , 43 , 51 ], and two nested case–control studies [ 38 , 40 ](2687 ASDs, 3574 controls) examined the neonatal vitamin D concentration of participants; one case–control study [ 52 ] and one nested case–control study [ 38 ] (517 ASDs, 642 controls) assessed maternal vitamin D concentration of the ASD and control groups; two cohort studies [ 39 , 41 ] (5442 neonates, 3957 pregnant women) investigated the OR/RR for ASD incidence after being exposed to early-life vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The participants of two articles included not only neonates but also pregnant women, so there were 36 total studies from 34 articles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020

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The association between vitamin D status and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well-investigated but remains to be elucidated. We quantitatively combined relevant studies to estimate whether vitamin D status was related to ASD in this work. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to include eligible studies. A random-effects model was applied to pool overall estimates of vitamin D concentration or odds ratio (OR) for ASD. In total, 34 publications involving 20,580 participants were identified in this present study. Meta-analysis of 24 case–control studies demonstrated that children and adolescents with ASD had significantly lower vitamin D concentration than that of the control group (mean difference (MD): −7.46 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI): −10.26; −4.66 ng/mL, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98%). Quantitative integration of 10 case–control studies reporting OR revealed that lower vitamin D was associated with higher risk of ASD (OR: 5.23, 95% CI: 3.13; 8.73, p < 0.0001, I2 = 78.2%). Analysis of 15 case–control studies barring data from previous meta-analysis reached a similar result with that of the meta-analysis of 24 case–control studies (MD: −6.2, 95% CI: −9.62; −2.78, p = 0.0004, I2 = 96.8%), which confirmed the association. Furthermore, meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal vitamin D showed a trend of decreased early-life vitamin D concentration in the ASD group (MD: −3.15, 95% CI: −6.57; 0.26, p = 0.07, I2 = 99%). Meta-analysis of prospective studies suggested that children with reduced maternal or neonatal vitamin D had 54% higher likelihood of developing ASD (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12; 2.10, p = 0.0071, I2 = 81.2%). These analyses indicated that vitamin D status was related to the risk of ASD. The detection and appropriate intervention of vitamin D deficiency in ASD patients and pregnant and lactating women have clinical and public significance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020

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“…Dietary intervention should be exercised with caution to avoid malnourishment and nutritional deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly reported in ASD children and low prenatal vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of ASD occurrence [165][166][167]. It was also found that GI problems are more evident in ASD subjects with vitamin D deficiency than those without this deficiency [166].…”

Section: Dietary and Supplementary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly reported in ASD children and low prenatal vitamin D has been associated with an increased risk of ASD occurrence [165][166][167]. It was also found that GI problems are more evident in ASD subjects with vitamin D deficiency than those without this deficiency [166]. The supplementation of vitamin D 3 shows a remarkable improvement in ASD core symptoms [168].…”

Section: Dietary and Supplementary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

et al. 2020

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The study of human microbiota and health has emerged as one of the ubiquitous research pursuits in recent decades which certainly warrants the attention of both researchers and clinicians. Many health conditions have been linked to the gut microbiota which is the largest reservoir of microbes in the human body. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders which has been extensively explored in relation to gut microbiome. The utilization of microbial knowledge promises a more integrative perspective in understanding this disorder, albeit being an emerging field in research. More interestingly, oral and vaginal microbiomes, indicating possible maternal influence, have equally drawn the attention of researchers to study their potential roles in the etiopathology of ASD. Therefore, this review attempts to integrate the knowledge of microbiome and its significance in relation to ASD including the hypothetical aetiology of ASD and its commonly associated comorbidities. The microbiota-based interventions including diet, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and faecal microbial transplant (FMT) have also been explored in relation to ASD. Of these, diet and probiotics are seemingly promising breakthrough interventions in the context of ASD for lesser known side effects, feasibility and easier administration, although more studies are needed to ascertain the actual clinical efficacy of these interventions. The existing knowledge and research gaps call for a more expanded and resolute research efforts in establishing the relationship between autism and microbiomes.

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“…An inadequate intake of some micronutrients could have a harmful impact on neurodevelopment ( 6 ). Studies reported decreased dietary intake and serum concentrations likely below the reference range or lower than neurotypical controls of folate ( 7 ), vitamin B12 (VB12) ( 7 , 8 ), vitamin D (VD) ( 9 , 10 ), vitamin A ( 11 , 12 ), iron ( 13 ), and zinc ( 12 ) in children with autism. Nevertheless, there are inconsistent findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China

et al. 2020

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The study aimed to compare the nutritional status and symptoms of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from two regions of China, and to analyze the association between nutritional status and symptoms of ASD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 738 ASD children and 302 typically developing children (TD) were recruited from Chongqing and Hainan of China. Symptoms of ASD children were evaluated with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Neurodevelopment of ASD children was assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS). Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measures, biochemical detection of micronutrients, and providing questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to caregivers. Results: Comparing ASD children with local TD children, ASD children consumed fewer whole grains, milk and dairy products, beans and soy products, vegetables, and fruits than local TD children in both regions. The serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B12 (VB12), and vitamin D (VD) were consistently lower in ASD children in both regions. Comparing the ASD children between the two regions, the ASD children in Chongqing had significantly higher mean scores of CARS, SRS, and ABC than those in Hainan. The ASD children in Chongqing consumed fewer whole grains, seafood, and fruits than those in Hainan. The serum concentrations of ferritin, vitamin A (VA), VB12, and VD were reduced in the ASD children of Chongqing than those in Hainan, and the ASD children in Chongqing had higher deficiency rates of zinc, ferritin, VA, and VD than those in Hainan. The serum levels of VA, VD, and folate showed a negative association with symptom scores of ASD children. VD and zinc levels had a positive association with the GDS scores of ASD children. Conclusions: ASD children exhibit a higher risk of nutrient deficiencies than neurotypical children, and there are regional differences in the nutritional status of ASD children. Micronutrients VA, VD, folate, and zinc levels were correlated with symptoms and development of ASD children. Therefore, it is essential to provide detailed nutrition evaluation and individualized nutrition interventions for ASD children from different backgrounds.

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The Association Between Serum Vitamin D3 Levels and Autism Among Jordanian Boys

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Association between Vitamin D Status and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China

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