The association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth outcomes of children: A systematic literature review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION The strong relation between maternal smoking and maternal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and the growth of newborn infants has been proven. However, the effect of SHS on growth outcomes of older children is not well defined. Through a systematic literature review, we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between SHS exposure and growth outcomes of children up to 8 years of age. METHODS A systematic review was performed, including articles published between 2004-2019, related to SHS exposure (prenatal and postnatal) and children's growth (weight, length/height, and head circumference). The relevant articles were identified from Science Direct, ProQuest, Sage Publication, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (via EBSCOhost) and Google search. RESULTS Seventeen articles were identified, of which three categories of growth measurements were extracted, comprising weight (weight, WAZ, WHZ, and BMI), height (height/length and HAZ) and head circumference. SHS exposure both pre or postnatally was inversely associated with weight (deficit in weight, risk of underweight, risk of wasting) and height (lower length and risk of stunting) and elevated BMI of children. Furthermore, prenatal SHS exposure was associated with a lower head circumference. CONCLUSIONS The current review identified that exposure to SHS may be associated with adverse growth outcomes in children. It is crucial that active smokers, specifically those who live with children or with a pregnant partner, are made aware of the potential effects of SHS exposure on non-smokers. Further assessment of the association between exposure to SHS and other growth outcomes in other age groups is needed.

Socioeconomic characteristics, paternal smoking and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among infants in Jakarta, Indonesia

“…Postnatal cigarette smoke exposure also can be a reason for the decrease in weight and length growth in the early months of life 16 . In children, up to eight years of age 17 , SHS has been associated with meningococcal carriage and disease, and medically attended accidents in children 18 . In addition, SHS exposure is associated with an increased risk of poor neurodevelopment 19 .…”

Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

“…Lower respiratory tract infection, otitis media, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, low birth weight, and adverse growth outcome in children were more common health problems in infants or children associated to ETS. [4][5][6] Due to various highly adverse effects of ETS in infants, it is important to observe the extent of exposure. Questionnaires have usually been used to assess ETS exposure with many concerns about validity, especially underreporting.…”

“…Lower respiratory tract infection, otitis media, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, low birth weight, and adverse growth outcome in children were more common health problems in infants or children associated to ETS. 4 - 6 …”

Pendampingan Kelompok Pendamping Stimulasi Tumbuh Kembang (KP-Stimulan) berbasis Self Help Group di Rumah Sehat Anti Stunting

“…Hasil penelitian Budiastutik & Rahfiludin (2019) menunjukkan bahwa faktor keturunan memengaruhi kejadian stunting sebesar 15%. Selain itu, paparan asap rokok maupun polusi asap menurut Liang et al (2019) dan Nadhiroh, Djokosujono, & Utari (2020) juga memengaruhi kejadian stunting. Kejadian stunting menurut Paramashanti et al (2017) juga dipengaruhi oleh riwayat bayi baru lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif dan pemberian makanan pendamping ASI MP-ASI yang tidak tepat.…”