The association between school attendance, HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young people in rural South Africa

HIV among out-of-school youth in Eastern and Southern Africa: a review

“…Secondly, more concurrent or multiple partners are found in the out-of-school category in rural South Africa, for both sexes aged between 14 and 25 (Hargreaves et al 2008b). A smaller sample of 561 respondents in urban Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) yielded this significant association for young women only (Taffa et al 2003).…”

“…Junior wives in polygamous marriages engage in cross-generational sex with all the risks attached and suffer from reduced negotiation power. Besides having more concurrent or multiple partners, out-of-school girls in rural South Africa engage more in age-mixing than those in school (Hargreaves et al 2008b; for partners of three years older: 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92).…”

“…Only two studies report on it. In a 2001 sample of 1003 female and 916 male youths in the South African rural province of Limpopo, Hargreaves et al (2008b) found that the chance of being HIV positive was about 20% higher for non-students (more exactly, between 0.06 and 0.71 times higher, confidence interval [CI]of 95%). After adjusting for age the association was no longer significant for women.…”

“…Taffa et al (2003) confirm that sexual activity of out-of-school girls in Addis Ababa is higher in comparison to in-school urban girls (between 1.8 and 4.5, CI 95%). In rural South Africa this is true for out-of-school boys (Hargreaves et al 2008b). …”

Screening and Treating Cervical Cancer in HIV-Positive Women in Cambodia

“…OF collection offers the advantages of convenience, economy, and safety and are more acceptable to subjects (including paediatrics 17 ) than blood tests. 6,[18][19][20][21][22] Several rapid HIV assays are now Food and Drug Administration approved, 23 but despite poorer sensitivities, the OraSure OF collection device in combination with the Vironostika HIV Uni-Form II plus O ELISA (bioMerieux) has been used widely for populationbased surveillance in Southern Africa 24 including a national household survey. 25 Postmarketing surveillance of the OraQuick on whole blood and OF in a large US study (n = 135,724 blood, n = 26,066 OF) showed in accordance with the manufacturer's claim for specificity (100% whole blood and 99.8% OF) 26 that the OraQuick on OF was lower.…”